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Drylands critical zone project: Soil sensor data in an irrigated pecan orchard of western Texas 2021-2023
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Created: May 16, 2024 at 7:09 p.m. (UTC)
Last updated: Jun 09, 2026 at 5:31 p.m. (UTC)
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Abstract

In natural drylands, the formation of pedogenic carbonate, or secondary calcite (CaCO3), is critical in shaping soil hydrologic and biogeochemical properties and modifying the global carbon cycle over geological time. When dryland ecosystems are converted to managed agricultural sites, irrigation water can supply HCO3- and Ca2+, accelerating rates of CaCO3 formation and releasing abiotic CO2. These data were collected to investigate the abiotic and biotic processes that produce soil CO2 in dryland soils at an irrigated pecan orchard in Tornillo, Texas. Measurements were made at two sites within the orchard, Pecan_Coarse and Pecan_Fine, which have contrasting soil textures and associated differences in soil salinity, pedogenic carbonate accumulation rates, and tree size.

The dataset includes high temporal resolution, 5-minute measurements of soil CO2, soil O2, soil moisture, and soil temperature at two depths, 30 cm and 60 cm below the ground surface, along with surface soil CO2 efflux measured using Eosense eosFD chambers. Sensors were logged using six total logging devices, including separate eosFD loggers, Teros loggers, and Campbell CR1000 systems. Raw logger files were processed to convert voltages and sensor signals to physical units, apply calibration constants, and merge variables into continuous 5-minute time series. Quality control was conducted by hand using a custom R package, with suspect observations flagged when they were associated with issues such as pre-deployment values, sensor power loss, or sensor failure. Both QC-flagged files and cleaned files, in which flagged observations are replaced with NA, are included.

The overall objective of the dataset is to support quantification of abiotic CO2 release during the precipitation of irrigation-induced calcite, as a function of spatial variability caused by soil texture and temporal variability associated with growing season dynamics and irrigation events. The data were collected as part of the Dryland Critical Zone project (NSF Award #2012475) and a Low-temperature Geochemistry and Geobiology project (NSF Award #1853680). Related soil chemistry and texture data for these two profiles were published by Ortiz and Jin (2021) in Geoderma.

Subject Keywords

Coverage

Spatial

Coordinate System/Geographic Projection:
WGS 84 EPSG:4326
Coordinate Units:
Decimal degrees
Place/Area Name:
Pecan_Coarse
Longitude
-106.0548°
Latitude
31.4053°

Temporal

Start Date:
End Date:

Content

README.txt 

There were six total logging devices, three at each site (pecan_coarse and pecan_fine).
 The eosFD sensors logged their own data as did the Teros devices. Everything else was
 logged in a Campbell CR1000. The raw CR1000 and Eosense eosFD/eosGP logger files were
 processed following sensor manual suggestions and calculations to convert raw
 voltages/signals to physical units. We applied calibration constants and merged variables
 into a single time series at a 5-minute timestep with NA for all missing values during
 the measurement period. The script is included as coarse_fine_2021-2023.Rmd. All data
 were hand-checked using a custom R package (https://github.com/anthonydn/qctimeseries).
 Suspect data, typically due to factors like pre-deployment values, sensor power loss,
 or sensor failure were flagged. The pecan_*_qc.csv.gz files have the raw data and the
 QC flags. The pecan_*_clean.csv.gz file has the flagged data replaced with NA. There
 are also files pecan_*_qc_checks.png, showing time series graphs of all of the variables
 before and after the QC process.

QC Flag Codes: 1 = approved; -1 = NA; -2 = flagged; 0 = unchecked (none remaining unchecked)

Soil chemistry and texture data for these two soil profiles are published by Ortiz and Jin, 2021, Geoderma, 114976
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.114976

Some soil samples from Pecan_coarse and Pecan_fine are registered in SESAR. See:
IGSN
IEELP0001-000T
IEELP000U-001J

Credits

Funding Agencies

This resource was created using funding from the following sources:
Agency Name Award Title Award Number
NSF Network Cluster: Patterns and controls of ecohydrology, CO2 fluxes, and nutrient availability in pedogenic carbonate-dominated dryland critical zones 2012475
NSF Combine sensors, geophysical survey and geochemical tools to investigate pedogenic carbonate precipitation and carbon dioxide emission in irrigated soils of aridlands 1853680

Contributors

People or Organizations that contributed technically, materially, financially, or provided general support for the creation of the resource's content but are not considered authors.

Name Organization Address Phone Author Identifiers
Valeria Molina University of Texas at El Paso
Jessica Hartman University of Texas at El Paso TX, US
Kai Schmitt University of Texas at El Paso

How to Cite

Jin, L., A. Darrouzet-Nardi (2026). Drylands critical zone project: Soil sensor data in an irrigated pecan orchard of western Texas 2021-2023, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/760ee7dd79ec4d819fc106aed1e79f0a

This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY.

 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
CC-BY

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