ABSTRACT:

This dataset contains discharge, temperature, and conductivity observations collected longitudinally along Red Butte Creek. Data was collected at approximately 38 sites intermittently dispersed from the Foothill Drive Aquatic Station to the Knowltons Fork Aquatic Station, including tributaries. Periodic data collection began in June of 2014 and continued through the summer of 2015. Measurements were made at each of the sites to capture pre/post snowmelt, summer (high ET) and fall (low ET) conditions. Discharge was measured either using a SonTek Flow Tracker (velocity-area method) or a dilution gaging method (using the YSI 600 OMS and a salt tracer). Temperature and conductivity were measured at each discharge site using the YSI 600 OMS. GPS coordinates for each discharge site were recorded using a Garmin® GPSMAP 64. The purpose for these measurements is to determine areas of significant groundwater-surface water interaction.

ABSTRACT:

This dataset contains discharge, temperature, conductivity, and ion concentration observations collected longitudinally along the Logan River. Data was collected at approximately 38 sites intermittently dispersed from the Mendon Road Aquatic Station to the Tony Grove Aquatic Station, including tributaries. Periodic data collection began in June of 2014 and continued through the summer of 2018. Measurements were made at each of the sites to capture pre/post snowmelt, summer (high ET), fall (low ET), and winter (Low ET) conditions. Discharge was measured using a SonTek Flow Tracker (velocity-area method). Temperature and conductivity were measured at each discharge site using the YSI 600 OMS. Ion samples were immediately filtered using either 0.7 um Whatman GF/F or 0.45 um Whatman Nylon Filters into acid-washed LDPE bottles and frozen (Chloride, Sulfate, Phosphate, Nitrate, Fluoride) or acidified with nitric acid (Sodium, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Ammonium). All samples were transported via cooler to the lab where they were frozen until analysis. Samples were measured by ion chromatography on a Metrohm Compact IC. Standard curves were calibrated using independent NIST-traceable standards, and standards were run as unknowns to check analytical precision. GPS coordinates for each discharge site were recorded using a Garmin® GPSMAP 64. The purpose for these measurements is to determine areas of significant groundwater-surface water interaction.

ABSTRACT:

This dataset contains discharge, temperature, and conductivity observations collected longitudinally along middle section of the Prove River. Data was collected at approximately 23 sites intermittently dispersed from the Charleston Aquatic Station to the USGS gaging station just below Jordanelle Dam, including tributaries. Periodic data collection began in June of 2014 and continued through August 2014. Measurements were made at each of the sites to capture pre/post snowmelt, summer (high ET) and fall (low ET) conditions. Discharge was measured using a SonTek Flow Tracker (velocity-area method). Temperature and conductivity were measured at each discharge site using the YSI 600 OMS. GPS coordinates for each discharge site were recorded using a Garmin® GPSMAP 64. The purpose for these measurements is to determine areas of significant groundwater-surface water interaction.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction
This document provides an overview of the accompanying data files used in the production the accompanying manuscript. 
Text S1.
For each virtual gauging station, we have included:
1. NIR orthorectified mosaics for each flight
2. Low flow RGB orthorectified mosaic and DSMs
3. Shapefiles of the hydraulic model domains
4. HEC-RAS models
5. Total station channel surveys
6. In situ observations of wetted width and wetted widths extracted from imagery

WRR_GIS:
All of the imagery, digital surface models, and shapefiles for the hydraulic model domains (items 1-3 above) are included in the WRR_GIS folder. To view these data, launch the included ArcMap Map Document: KingEtAl_WRR_2017.mxd. Data reference paths are relative for inter computer fidelity. This map document was produced with ArcMap 10.3. The hydraulic domain shapefile data were used to produce the geometry files used in HEC-RAS with the HEC-GeoRAS toolkit.

WRR_HEC-RAS:
The HEC-RAS models (item 4 above), produced in HEC-RAS 5.0.3 are provided in the folder WRR_HEC-RAS. The project files for each virtual gauging station are located in WRR_HEC-RAS \ VGS# \ Projects where VGS# is virtual gauging station number of interest. These project files contain the information to run the open channel hydraulic models. Opening these files will prompt a warning message that some files were not found. These files were test runs that are not germane to the final results and were therefore not included in an attempt to minimize confusion. Note that HEC-RAS models follow our local naming convention and map onto the virtual gauging station naming convention as follows: VGS1 = Kup8US, VGS2 = Kup7DS, VGS3 = Kup5uus.

WRR_GroundTruthing:
The ground truthing data (items 5 and 6 above) are included in csv files within the WRR_GroundTruthing folder. Total station surveys are provided along with corresponding elevations extracted from the Digital Surface Models in csv files located at WRR_GroundTruthing \ ChannelSurveys \ VGS#TransectCompare.csv where VGS# is the virtual gauging station of interest. Observed wetted width and the corresponding wetted widths extracted from the NIR mosaics are provided in the csv file: WRR_GroundTruthing \ WettedWidths \ WettedWidthComparison.csv.

ABSTRACT:

The QC0 file contains the raw pressure, temperature, and depth data collected by an in-situ AquaTroll. The QC1 file contains the quality-controlled depth data and the derived stage and discharge data. The depth data is a measure of the water surface elevation relative to the AquaTroll. The derived stage data is the water surface elevation relative to a benchmark at the site. The discharge data is calculated from the stage data using the relationship established from the site rating curve. The stage-discharge relationship was developed by making measurements of flow and stage under varying flow conditions and thus establishing a relationship between water depth and flow at the site. Flow measurements were made with a YSI Flowtracker handheld ADV using the velocity area method.

ABSTRACT:

The QC0 file contains the raw pressure, temperature, and depth data collected by an in-situ AquaTroll. The QC1 file contains the quality-controlled depth data and the derived stage and discharge data. The depth data is a measure of the water surface elevation relative to the AquaTroll. The derived stage data is the water surface elevation relative to a benchmark at the site. The discharge data is calculated from the stage data using the relationship established from the site rating curve. The stage-discharge relationship was developed by making measurements of flow and stage under varying flow conditions and thus establishing a relationship between water depth and flow at the site. The barometric pressure data was collected using an in-situ BaroTroll. Flow measurements were made with a YSI Flowtracker handheld ADV using the velocity area method or a Teledyne StreamPro ADCP.

ABSTRACT:

This dataset contains flow and stage data for Beaver Creek, a tributary to the Logan River. The QC0 file contains the raw pressure, temperature, and depth data collected by an in-situ AquaTroll. The QC1 file contains the quality-controlled depth data and the derived stage and discharge data. The depth data is a measure of the water surface elevation relative to the AquaTroll. The derived stage data is the water surface elevation relative to a benchmark at the site. The discharge data is calculated from the stage data using the relationship established from the site rating curve. The stage-discharge relationship was developed by making measurements of flow and stage under varying flow conditions and thus establishing a relationship between water depth and flow at the site. Flow measurements were made with a YSI Flowtracker handheld ADV using the velocity area method.

ABSTRACT:

This dataset contains stage and flow data at Wood Camp on the Logan River. The QC0 file contains the raw pressure, temperature, and depth data collected by an in-situ AquaTroll. The QC1 file contains the quality-controlled depth data and the derived stage and discharge data. The depth data is a measure of the water surface elevation relative to the AquaTroll. The derived stage data is the water surface elevation relative to a benchmark at the site. The discharge data is calculated from the stage data using the relationship established from the site rating curve. The stage-discharge relationship was developed by making measurements of flow and stage under varying flow conditions and thus establishing a relationship between water depth and flow at the site. Flow measurements were made with a YSI Flowtracker handheld ADV using the velocity area method or using a truck with a boomed and line attached to a weight and a Marsh Mcbirney Flo-mate 2000.

ABSTRACT:

This dataset contains flow, stage, and barometric pressure data for Right Hand Fork, a tributary to the Logan River. The QC0 file contains the raw pressure, temperature, and depth data collected by an in-situ AquaTroll. The QC1 file contains the quality-controlled depth data and the derived stage and discharge data. The depth data is a measure of the water surface elevation relative to the AquaTroll. The derived stage data is the water surface elevation relative to a benchmark at the site. The discharge data is calculated from the stage data using the relationship established from the site rating curve. The stage-discharge relationship was developed by making measurements of flow and stage under varying flow conditions and thus establishing a relationship between water depth and flow at the site. Flow measurements were made with a YSI Flowtracker handheld ADV using the velocity area method. The barometric pressure data was collected using an in-situ BaroTroll.

ABSTRACT:

This dataset contains flow and stage data for Rick's Spring, a tributary to the Logan River. The QC0 file contains the raw pressure, temperature, and depth data collected by an in-situ AquaTroll. The QC1 file contains the quality-controlled depth data and the derived stage and discharge data. The depth data is a measure of the water surface elevation relative to the AquaTroll. The derived stage data is the water surface elevation relative to a benchmark at the site. The discharge data is calculated from the stage data using the relationship established from the site rating curve. The stage-discharge relationship was developed by making measurements of flow and stage under varying flow conditions and thus establishing a relationship between water depth and flow at the site. Flow measurements were made with a YSI Flowtracker handheld ADV using the velocity area method.

ABSTRACT:

This document provides an overview of the accompanying data files used in the production of the manuscript entitled "Stream-centric methods for establishing groundwater contributions in karst mountain watersheds".

LR_site_Locations.xlsx:
Latitude and Longitude of sites gaged during the 2014, 2015, and 2016 sampling events.

LR_Field_Data_Summary.xlsx:
Flow and water quality data for the 2014, 2015, and 2016 sampling events.

LR_Chemistry_Summary.xlsx:
Latitude and Longitude of all springs sampled and the accompanying measured ion concentrations.

LR_Stream_Flow_Data.xlsx:
Daily averaged stream flow measurements used in the flow balance for R1, R2, R2a, and R2b.

ABSTRACT:

These date files provide observations, model calibration, and model testing results used in King and Neilson 2019, "Quantifying Reach-Average Effects of Hyporheic Exchange on Arctic River Temperatures in an Area of Continuous Permafrost" published in Water Resources Research.

Note on Units:
All temperature values are in degrees Celsius.
All discharge values are in cubic meters per second
All solute concentrations are in milligrams sodium-chloride per L

Files Description:
ParetoOptimal_Solute_Temperature.dat:
Time series of simulated main channel solute breakthrough curve and temperature at 1500 m downstream of the injection location using the Pareto optimal model calibration.

Solute_EndMember_Solute_Temperature.dat:
Time series of simulated main channel solute breakthrough curve and temperature at 1500 m downstream of the injection location using the solute end member model calibration.

Temperauture_EndMember_Solute_Temperature.dat:
Time series of simulated main channel solute breakthrough curve and temperature at 1500 m downstream of the injection location using the temperature end member model calibration.

ParetoOptimal_HTS_Solute.dat:
Time series of simulated solute breakthrough curve in sediment at 1500 m downstream of the injection location using the Pareto optimal model calibration.

ParetoOptimal_HTS_Temp.dat:
Time series of simulated sediment temperature at 1500 m downstream of the injection location using the Pareto optimal model calibration.

YYYY-Site9-Site8_HeatFluxes-withHTS.DAT:
Time series of simulated heat fluxes for the test reach for the simulation period in year “YYYY” using the Pareto optimal model calibration.

YYYY-Site9-Site8_ModelOutput-withHTS.DAT:
Time series of simulated temperature at Site8 for the test reach for the simulation period in year “YYYY” using the Pareto optimal model calibration.

YYYY-Site9-Site8_ModelOutput-noHTS.DAT:
Time series of simulated temperature at Site8 for the test reach for the simulation period in year “YYYY” using the Pareto optimal model calibration, but setting QHTS to zero.

2015-Site8_HeatFlux_SedWarm+X.DAT:
Time series of simulated heat fluxes for the test reach in the simulation period in 2015 using Pareto optimal model calibration and changing observed ground temperatures by X degrees C.

2015-Site8_ModelTemp_SedWarm.DAT:
Time series of simulated main channel temperatures at Site8 for the test reach in the simulation period in 2015 using Pareto optimal model calibration and changing observed ground temperatures by plus or minus 1, 2 or 4 degrees C.

Site8_MCTemp_2013-2017_DegC.csv:
Time series of observed main channel temperature at Site 8.

Site8Discharge_cms.csv:
Time series of observed discharge at Site 8.

Site9_MCTemp_2013-2017_DegC.csv:
Time series of observed main channel temperature at Site 9.

Site9_Discharge_cms.csv:
Time series of observed discharge at Site 9.

Site9_Sediment_Temperatures_DegC.csv:
Time series of sediment/ground temperatures at Site 9 from 2017 at depths of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 cm below the river bed.

201707DDTS.csv:
Time series of main channel and piezometer solute concentrations and temperatures during tracer studies conducted on the “DD” day of July 2017.

Model_Cell_Extracted_Wetted_Widths_m_And_Interpolated_Discharge_cms.csv:
Wetted widths extracted from aerial imagery and associated spatially interpolated discharge for each 10 m model cell. These data were used to estimate reach average wetted widths for the calibration and test simulations.

KupSolarRad_2014-2016.csv:
Observed incoming and outgoing shortwave radiation at Site 9 in the summers (June – August) of 2014, 2015, and 2016. These observations were used to estimate time varying albedo.

ABSTRACT:

Supporting data files for Neilson et al., 2018, Groundwater flow and exchange across the land surface explain carbon export patterns in continuous permafrost watersheds.

Flow and DOC data used in the manuscript can be found online at http://ine.uaf.edu/werc/projects/NorthSlope/imnavait/flume/flume.html and http://arclter.ecosystems.mbl.edu/data-catalog, respectively.

Permeability_Depth_Profile.xlsx
Figure S3a: Vertical permeability profile measured with KSAT or slug test methods and used in the vertically explicit groundwater model. KSAT done in lab, slug tests done in the field.

Porosity_Depth_Profile.xlsx
Figure S3b: Vertical porosity profile used in the vertically explicit groundwater model.

Fill_DEM_3m1.tif
Figures S1a and S4: Digital Elevation Model at 3 m resolution resampled from 20cm FodarDEM (http://fairbanksfodar.com/fodar-earth) and used in the vertically integrated groundwater model.

ALT_RawData_IncludeSmallGrid.xlsx
Figure S2: Top of casing elevation, ground surface elevation, water depth in well, total well length, and triplicate distance below land surface to frozen surface.

SurfaceTopography.xlsx
Figures 1, 2, S3, and S5: Land surface elevation profile used in the vertically explicit groundwater model.

Hydrozoid_DOC_to_WEB.xlsx
Figure S6: Soil dissolved organic carbon concentrations from Imnavait Creek.

ABSTRACT:

Data collected in association with NSF-ARC 1204220.

ABSTRACT:

This document provides an overview of the accompanying data files used in the production of the manuscript entitled "Application of flow and ion data to estimate ungaged inflows and losses in urban and agricultural sub-reaches of the Logan River Observatory".

Flow_Mass_Balance_Data.csv
Discharge and ion data for the mainstem sites, tributaries, and diversions used in the flow and mass balance analysis.

Chemistry_Data.csv
Sampling locations and measured ion concentrations of ungaged inflows used in the HCA analysis.

Daily_Stream_Flow.csv
Daily averaged discharge data for the gages used in the net flow balance of R1 and R2.

ABSTRACT:

This resource contains Discharge and WSE for the Logan River Observatory gaging station at Temple Fork Creek above the confluence with the Logan River.

ABSTRACT:

In the western US, major landscape modifications for flood conveyance and conversion of floodplains to crops have reduced the natural pathways of recharge and groundwater discharge. Combined with direct flow diversions for irrigation, these modifications result in depleted streamflows during the critical summer low flow period. Depleted streams are much more susceptible to extreme spatial and temporal temperature variability, which is inextricably linked to aquatic habitat suitability. However, in depleted streams, even small amounts of colder water (e.g., cool lateral inflows) can moderate temperatures and provide critical thermal refugia. While irrigation diversions reduce the amount of water instream, seepage from nearby irrigated areas and canal networks can enhance baseflows and moderate stream temperatures downstream of diversions. Some rivers now depend on these human-mediated return flows to maintain suitable flow and temperature conditions for river ecosystems over the dry season, making them sensitive to changes in land and water management. To improve our understanding of the role of irrigation diversions and shallow return flows on stream temperature patterns, we collected flow and temperature measurements along a diversion-depleted reach of the Blacksmith Fork River in northern Utah over three summers. We determined the significance of site-specific properties (shading, weather), channel morphology, and lateral inflows on spatial and temporal stream temperature patterns. We found that lateral inflows, most likely sourced from unlined canals, were a critical component for maintaining suitable river temperatures. This study informs local and regional water management efforts during low flow periods and highlights potential unintended consequences of irrigation efficiency projects that reduce seepage.

ABSTRACT:

This document provides an overview of the accompanying data files used in the production of the manuscript entitled "Karst Hydrologic Memory Supplements Streamflow during Dry Periods in Snow-Dominated, Mountainous Watersheds".

ABSTRACT:

The Measurement Infrastructure Gap Analysis in Utah’s Great Salt Lake Basin was a comprehensive inventory and analysis of existing diversion and stream measurement infrastructure along 19 primary river systems, as well as a preliminary investigation of measurement infrastructure gaps around Great Salt Lake proper. The purpose of this “Gap Analysis” was to develop methods to identify and prioritize areas throughout the Great Salt Lake basin where new or updated measurement infrastructure is needed to serve diverse objectives. The following gaps were identified: (1) existing measurement infrastructure quality and completeness gaps, (2) stakeholder identified gaps, and (3) potential spatial gaps in hydrologic understanding. By adapting the prioritization schema originally presented in the Colorado River Metering and Gaging and Gap Analysis to equally weight these three gap types at the HUC12 scale, a flexible framework for prioritizing new or updated measurement infrastructure in areas with large cumulative measurement gaps was developed, and high, medium, and low priority HUC12s were identified.

Results showed that 250 diversion and 28 stream measurement devices along primary systems had at least one quality and/or completeness gap. The most common quality and completeness gaps were insufficient device types, lack of telemetry, and data record interval. Stakeholders suggested 50 instances of new or updated diversion measurement infrastructure, 95 instances of new or updated stream measurement infrastructure, and 39 recommendations for continued funding of existing measurement infrastructure—totaling 185 stakeholder-identified gaps. To provide a spatially consistent approach to identifying potential gaps in hydrologic understanding, geospatial datasets describing features or attributes that can impact local hydrology were used to identify measurement gaps at the HUC12 scale. Among HUC12s that overlapped with the river systems included in this analysis, HUC12s with the greatest number of potential spatial gaps were in the Bear River sub-basin and near reservoirs in the Weber River sub-basin.

Based on the prioritization schema applied to synthesize these three gap types, there were 52 HUC12s along primary systems classified as high priority for measurement improvement. Of the 250 existing diversion and 28 stream measurement devices with at least one quality and/or completeness gap, 217 and 10 devices, respectively, were located within high priority HUC12s. Most stakeholder-identified gaps identified in the Weber and Jordan River sub-basins also fell within high-priority HUCs. Eighteen unique agencies suggested new or updated measurement infrastructure or continued funding of existing measurement infrastructure in high-priority HUC12s, demonstrating some consensus regarding measurement gaps in critical areas. There were 6 high priority HUC12s with no existing measurement infrastructure quality and completeness gaps, and 11 high priority HUC12s with no stakeholder-identified gaps. High priority HUC12s highlighted only due to potential spatial gaps may warrant additional investigation to further understand potential measurement gaps in these HUC12s.

Because the prioritization schema applied equally weighted all three gap types, it likely does not fully represent the diverse missions and priorities of different stakeholder groups. To facilitate an adaptable approach to prioritize measurement gaps within the Great Salt Lake basin, raw data for each of the three gap types are provided to allow varied prioritization schemes to be developed by weighting gap types differently or considering subsets of data. These data provide the basis for stakeholders within the Great Salt Lake basin to collectively prioritize future investments in gaging infrastructure and better manage water throughout the Great Salt Lake basin.