ABSTRACT:

Airborne LiDAR dataset flown by the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM) in 2004. This was one of NCALM's earlier flights. Point cloud is hosted on OpenTopography.org in text format (OT Collection ID: OT.022013.26910.1 ). Point density is 1.25 points/m2. Total area is 236 km2. Total LiDAR returns: 622,565,583 points. Bare-earth digital elevation model raster resolution is 1 meter. Hillshade is included.

Flown for Prof. Mary Power, University of California Berkeley funded by NSF's Division of Earth Sciences, Instrumentation and Facilities Program. EAR-1043051.

Dataset DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5069/G9639MPN

ABSTRACT:

South Fork Eel River, CA: Understanding Terrace Formation and Abandonment. NCALM Seed. PI: Jonathan Perkins and Noah Finnegan, University of California, Santa Cruz. The survey area was in the form of a 2.25 kilometer wide and 108 kilometer long corridor following the Eel River, located in California, about 250 kilometers north of San Francisco. Data were collected to study strath terrace formation and abandonment.

Dataset is bare-earth raster dem and hillshade. Point cloud can be downloaded from OpenTopography.org.

Dataset DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5069/G93F4MH1

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4 standard weather stations. South Meadow station is identical to 20 other stations distributed to each of most of the UC Natural Reserve system. To access data, login using 'guest user' user name and no password.
Date Range Comments: 5 minute interval

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Well water level is derived value that is measured as distance from surface (meters) and is always negative. Pressure transducers are used to measure water depth above instrument. Cable length is subtracted with an adjustment for well head height above surface.

WaterLevel_m = -1 * (CableLength_m - WellHead_m - WaterDepth_m)

Data can be accessed through the Berkeley Sensor Database (http://sensor.berkeley.edu). Login as 'guest' with no password.

Date Range Comments: sample interval is 5 minutes.

ABSTRACT:

63 Time domain reflectometers (TDR) placed along contour lines at Rivendell from 3 meters above Elder Creek to the ridge, which is 65 meters above. 44 were placed horizontally into the rock matrix. 19 were placed vertically: 11 in native material, 8 directly into the saprolite. Five CS650 water content reflectometers installed vertically into the saprolite. TDR outputs dielectric values. These are converted to percent volumetric water content. Data can be accessed through the Berkeley Sensor Database (http://sensor.berkeley.edu). Login as 'guest' with no password.
Date Range Comments: sample interval is 5 minutes.

ABSTRACT:

Significant solute flux from the weathered bedrock zone - which underlies soils and saprolite - has been suggested by many studies. However, controlling processes for the hydrochemistry dynamics in this zone are poorly understood. This work reports the first results from a four-year (2009-2012) high-frequency (1-3 day) monitoring of major solutes (Ca, Mg, Na, K and Si) in the perched, dynamic groundwater in a 4000 m2 zero-order basin located at the Angelo Coast Range Reserve, Northern California. Groundwater samples were autonomously collected at three wells (downslope, mid-slope, and upslope) aligned with the axis of the drainage. Rain and throughfall samples, profiles of well headspace pCO2, vertical profiles and time series of groundwater temperature, and contemporaneous data from an extensive hydrologic and climate sensor network provided the framework for data analysis.

All runoff at this soil-mantled site occurs by vertical unsaturated flow through a 5-25 m thick weathered argillite and then by lateral flows to the adjacent channel as groundwater perched over fresher bedrock. Driven by strongly seasonal rainfall, over each of the four years of observations, the hydrochemistry of the groundwater at each well repeats an annual cycle, which can be explained by two end-member processes. The first end-member process, which dominates during the winter high-flow season in mid- and upslope areas, is CO2 enhanced cation exchange reaction in the vadose zone in the more shallow conductive weathered bedrock. This process rapidly increases the cation concentrations of the infiltrated rainwater, which is responsible for the lowest cation concentration of groundwater. The second-end member process occurs in the deeper perched groundwater and either dominates year-round (at the downslope well) or becomes progressively dominant during low flow season at the two upper slope wells. This process is the equilibrium reaction with minerals such as calcite and clay minerals, but not with primary minerals, suggesting the critical role of the residence time of the water. Collectively, our measurements reveal that the hydrochemistry dynamics of the groundwater in the weathered bedrock zone is governed by two end-member processes whose dominance varies with critical zone structure, the relative importance of vadose versus groundwater zone processes, and thus with the seasonal variation of the chemistry of recharge and runoff.

ABSTRACT:

Gage height & discharge in the South Fork Eel River measured in stilling well at the retired USGS site (USGS 11475500, 'South Fork Eel near Branscomb'). River is bedrock at this site and has a drainage area of 114 square km. We used a USGS generated rating curve for the Branscomb station to estimate discharge (Q, m3/s) from stage readings from the Branscomb gaging station. For lower flows, (stage, S (m) < 0.5528), Q = 57.397 S4.4285, r2 = 0.97494. For higher stages, Q = 16.180 S2.2924, r2 = 0.99944.

You can access the data on the Sensor Database website by logging in as 'guest' without password. Choose 'Query Angelo Reserve Data.' Click on 'Angelo HQ SF Eel Gage' for Station and Discharge, Gage Height meters.
Date Range Comments: 5 minute interval

ABSTRACT:

The Eel River CZO operates on several spatial scales from a zero order hillslope to the entire Eel River on the north coast of California. Rivendell, Angelo, Sagehorn, South Fork, and Eel River GIS boundaries. GIS polygon shapefiles. All files are in geographic projection (Lat/Long) with a datum of WGS84.

The watershed boundaries are from USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) http://nhd.usgs.gov/wbd.html. Rivendell and Angelo boundaries are created from LiDAR by the CZO. Sagehorn Ranch is a privately held, active commercial ranch with no public access. Please contact the CZO if you are interested in data from Sagehorn Ranch.

__Shapefiles__

Eel River Watershed (drainage area 9534 km^2): Entire eel river. Greatest extent of CZO research.

South Fork Eel Watershed (drainage area 1784 km^2).

Angelo Reserve Boundary (30.0 km^2): Angelo Coast Range Reserve is a University of California Natural Reserve System protected land. It is the central focus of CZO research. http://angelo.berkeley.edu

Sagehorn Ranch Boundary (21.1 km^2): Sagehorn Ranch is a private ranch with active cattle raising. The owners have allowed the CZO to place instrumentation on their lands. Access is only by explicit agreement by owners.

Rivendell Cachement (0.0076 km^2): Rivendell is a small, heavily instrumented hillslope within the Angelo Reserve. It has roughly 700 instruments deployed as of 2016. Data is online at http://sensor.berkeley.edu

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Water potential measurements taken from trees at the Rivendell site at the Eel River CZO. Manual pressure chamber water potential measurements were taken to verify the accuracy of stem psychrometer measurements. Stem psychrometers were installed on branches at different heights in the tree canopy.

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The datasets represented here are stable isotope and soil/saprolite moisture data. The samples are all taken within the Angelo Coast Range Reserve (http://angelo.berkeley.edu) in Mendocino County, California. Most of the sampling was done within Rivendell. Rivendell is the intensive study site of the Eel River Critical Zone Observatory (http://criticalzone.org/eel). Rivendell is divided into 5 levels that correspond roughly with contours starting at creek level (level 1) and going to ridge-top (level 5). Sampling dates range from 2008 to 2014. The datasets are associated with the dissertation of Jasper Oshun, 2016 in Earth & Planetary Sciences, UC Berkeley.

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Water samples analyzed for Oxygen and Hydrogen/Deuterium stable isotopes. Liquid water samples were collected from streams, wells and rainfall collectors. Water samples were also cryogenically vacuum extracted from soil and stem samples.

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28 piston dendrometers installed on trees at the Rivendell and Sagehorn sites of the Eel River CZO. Measuring tree growth and daily shrinking and swelling of the main trunk.
Date Range Comments: Measurements are still being collected

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Soil and rock moisture measurements taken from wells at the Rivendell field site. Measurements were taken with a neutron probe at 1 foot intervals down wells until liquid water was reached.

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Air temperature and relative humidity measurements in transects across the Rivendell site and in vertical transects into the tree canopy. Three ground transects across the Rivendell site and six vertical transects into the tree canopies on both the south and north facing slopes.

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Bedrock weathering regulates nutrient mobilization, water storage, and soil production. Relative to the mobile soil layer, little is known about the relationship between topography and bedrock weathering. Here, we identify a common pattern of weathering and water storage across a sequence of three ridges and valleys in the sedimentary Great Valley Sequence in Northern California that share a tectonic and climate history. Deep drilling, downhole logging, and characterization of chemistry and porosity reveal two weathering fronts. At ridgetops, the elevation of each front relative to the channel increases with hillslope length. The shallower front is approximately 7 m deep at the ridge of all three hillslopes and marks the onset of pervasive fracturing and oxidation of pyrite and organic carbon. A deeper weathering front marks the onset extent of open fractures and discoloration. This front is 11 m deep under two ridges of similar ridge-valley spacing, but 17.5 m deep under a ridge with nearly twice the ridge-valley spacing. In all three hillslopes, closed fractures in otherwise unweathered bedrock are found under ridges to at least the elevation of the adjacent channels. Neutron probe surveys reveal that seasonally dynamic moisture is stored to approximately the same depth as the shallow weathering front. Under the channels that bound our study hillslopes, the two weathering fronts coincide and occur within centimeters of the ground surface. Our findings provide evidence for feedbacks between erosion and weathering in mountainous landscapes that result in systematic subsurface structuring and water routing.

ABSTRACT:

From 2007 to 2019, the Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs) stored their data at their respective universities. A central catalog of metadata kept track of the datasets at https://criticalzone.org. With the transition from CZO to CZ clusters, it was agreed to centralize all datasets to HydroShare. This resource documents that transition. The Readme.md file gives an overview and description of what was done, as does the poster by Miguel Leon. Specifics on how metadata was stored on criticalzone.org can be found in "CZO Metadata Definitions.pdf". How that metadata translated into HydroShare is defined in "Metadata Mapping from CZO to HydroShare.xlsx" and the controlled vocabulary conversions are found in “Map CZO Variables to ODM2 VariableNames.xlsx".

ABSTRACT:

Dataset required to replicate analysis in the manuscript "Carbon Dioxide Production in Bedrock beneath Soils Substantially Contributes to Forest Carbon Cycling". Here we provide (1) subsurface carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations for the study duration collected from a bedrock vadose zone, (2) subsurface temperature for the dates of sampling, (3) relative rock moisture for the dates of analysis, (4) calculated diffusion coefficients used to calculate carbon dioxide flux from the weathered bedrock and (4) soil efflux measurements. Measurements are made at discrete intervals throughout a bedrock vadose zone using a Vadose Zone monitoring System (VMS). The bedrock of the study site is a marine turbidite that is part of the Coastal Belt of the Franciscan Complex. The study site is characterized by a steep hillslope, a Mediterranean climate that is seasonally dry, and a mixed canopy forest.

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Water retention curve datasets for soils at the Rivendell hillslope at the Eel River Critical Zone Observatory measured via HYPROP.

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Dataset required to replicate analysis in the manuscript "In-situ observations of organic carbon oxidation in shale regolith and implications for bedrock weathering". Here we provide:
1) CO2 concentrations from incubation experiments using bulk material collected during VMS installation `all_sample_incubation.csv`
2) CO2 concentrations from incubation experiments using rock chips collected during VMS installation `rock_chip_incubation.csv`
3) bulk density measurements from rock chips collected during VMS installation `bulk_density_vms.xlsx`
4) mineral and tau data from Gu et al. 2020 `ERCZO_miner_published_edit.xlsx`
5) elemental oxide analysis from VMS materials collected during installation produced by Bureau Veritas `mineral_database_vms_oxides.xlsx`
6) elemental weight percents of VMS materials collected during installation derived from the elemental oxide data `mineral_database_vms.xlsx`
7) CO2(g), O2(g), 13CO2, and 14CO2 concentrations from VMS gas samples `new_radio_gas.xlsx`
8) C, 13C, and 14C concentrations of material collected during VMS installation `new_radio_solid.xlsx`
9) water content measurements from Schmidt et al 2020 and calculated gas diffusivity coefficients `water_content_schmidt2020.xlsx`

Please see the github repository at https://github.com/alisontune/OCox_shale_weathering for the code used to analyze these datasets.