ABSTRACT:

Quality controlled precipitation data has been prepared using the (1) field observations from the OTT Pluvio weighing type rain gauge, (2) field observations from the ThiesCLIMA Laser Precipitation Monitor (LPM) and (3) correlation with hourly tipping bucket gauges located at Shale Hills CZO. Hourly data contains a 'precipitation type' text field not present in daily data.

ABSTRACT:

Data are from the flux tower at the Susquehanna Shale Hills CZO, including measurement of boundary layer winds, CO2, sensible and latent heat fluxes, and CO2 and water vapor concentrations. Wind speed and air temperature measured with a Campbell Scientific CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer, http://www.campbellsci.com. CO2 and water vapor concentration measured with a LI-COR LI-7500 CO2/H2O Analyzer, http://www.licor.com.

ABSTRACT:

Susquehanna Shale Hills CZO Sap Flux Data collected by David Eissenstat and colleagues starting in winter 2010. Species sampled include Quercus rubra, Quercus prinus, Acer saccharum, Pinus virginiana, Tsuga canadensis and Lirodendron tulipifera. Station 2 is located near the stream and includes all species except P. virginiana. Station 3 is located on the south ridge and includes A. saccharum, P. virginiana, Q. prinus, and Q. rubra. Sensors were placed between 1.5 and 7.0 cm deep in individual trees and with 10 cm spacing between thermocouples. Measurements follow the thermal dissipation method described in Granier (1987). Level 0 data include only ΔT values.

ABSTRACT:

High-resolution LiDAR survey covers an area of 170 km2 located 10 miles southwest of State College, Pennsylvania. The data collection was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and performed by the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM) during peak leaf-on and leaf-off conditions in 2010 (July 2010 and December 2010, respectively). The dataset contains point cloud tiles in LAS format, 1 m Digital Surface Model (DSM) derived using first-stop points, 1 m Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived using ground-class points and 1 m hill shade dataset derived from DEM. These datasets were used to estimate vegetation biomass and distributions, provide bare earth elevations, and to assist with prediction of Critical Zone creation and structure. Horizontal coordinate system UTM 18N NAD83 meters, vertical coordinate system NAVD88.

ABSTRACT:

File geodatabase containing relevant spatial data for the Shale Hills watershed. The database includes publicly-available data (e.g. NLCD 2001), data from SSHCZO researchers (e.g. instrument sites), and third-party sources (e.g. NCALM lidar data).

ABSTRACT:

Survey control points in the Susquehanna Shale Hills CZO.

ABSTRACT:

Terrestrial laser mapping (TLM) of the SSHO was conducted in March, 2010 to provide centimeter scale spatial data of the watershed. Motivation for this high resolution scanning includes characterization of micro-topographic features, primary among which are tree throw pit and mound pairs. This file is a comma delimited text file containing x, y, and z spatial data collected during the TLM effort. This point cloud data produce a centimeter scale DEM of the western 1/3 of the SSHO watershed.

ABSTRACT:

The first column in each data set is time (minutes for the field data, hours for the lab) and the second column is concentration (as fluid electrical conductivity in uS/cm in the field data, normalized by the maximum concentration for the laboratory—a value of one would indicate a breakthrough equal to the injected concentration. Negative values in lab data have not been altered and indicate small errors in calibration.

ABSTRACT:

Chemistry of soil water collected from 2006-2010 at four transects in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory. Two transects were located on the Northern (N) side of the catchment while the additional two transects were located on the Southern (S) side. Each portion of the catchment then contained a Planar (P) hillslope and a Swale (S) depression transect. Three different topographic sites were sampled within each transect, the most elevated site was located at the Ridge Top (RT) followed by the Mid Slope (MS) and lowest site at the Valley Floor (VF). As the lysimeters were installed to the depth of auguring refusal, first lysimeters was installed at a depth 10 cm with subsequent lysimeters installed every 10 cm.

Annual datasets have been registered with the EarthChem Library and assigned dataset DOI’s. Please reference the associated DOI for any research derived from this data.

ABSTRACT:

Stream water chemistry at Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory from 2006-2010. Weekly to monthly grab samples were collected at three locations along the Stream: at the Headwater (SH), Middle (SM) and adjacent to the Weir (SW). Daily stream water sample were also collected adjacent to the weir from 2008-2010 using automatic samplers (2700 series, Teledyne Isco, Lincoln, NE) and were referenced as SW-ISCO.

Annual datasets have been registered with the EarthChem Library and assigned dataset DOI’s. Please reference the associated DOI for any research derived from this data.

ABSTRACT:

The Real-Time Soil Moisture Monitoring Network provides integrated observation of water, energy and temperature in the soils of the Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory watershed. Air temperature is measured at 4 sites with internal sensors in the CR1000 data loggers. Sites are indicated in .csv filenames by number according to the map linked to this dataset.

ABSTRACT:

The Real-Time Soil Moisture Monitoring Network provides integrated observation of water, energy and temperature in the soils of the Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory watershed. Precipitation is measured at 5 sites. Sites are indicated in .csv filenames by number according to the map linked to this dataset.

ABSTRACT:

File format is GSSI RADAN (DZT) format. 12 files were collected in a grid with size 15 feet (inline) by 11 feet (cross line). 4 markers were inserted with 5 feet intervals in each file. 60 ns time range was applied to each file. Data must be read by a GPR software package such as GPR-SLICE or otherwise converted.

ABSTRACT:

The Real-Time Soil Moisture Monitoring Network provides integrated observation of water, energy and temperature in the soils of the Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory watershed. Water table is measured at between 1 and 4 locations at 10 sites. At 8 sites, water tables were measured with 2 different data loggers, thus have different time stamps. There are 2 or 3 time stamps for each of these data sheets, with the time stamp applying to the data in the subsequent columns.

ABSTRACT:

The Real-Time Soil Moisture Monitoring Network provides integrated observation of water, energy and temperature in the soils of the Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory watershed. Soil Temperature is measured at between 4 and 5 depths at 13 sites. Soil Temperature is measured with 229 probes manufactured by Campbell Scientific, and by 5TE probes manufactured by Decagon. At 2 sites (15 and 51) soil temperature is measured with 2 loggers, which have different time stamps.

ABSTRACT:

The Real-Time Soil Moisture Monitoring Network provides integrated observation of water, energy and temperature in the soils of the Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory watershed. Soil moisture is measured at between 3 and 13 depths at 12 sites. Soil moisture is measured with 3 types of probes: ECH2O 10 cm probes and 5TE probes, both made by Decagon.

ABSTRACT:

File format is standard Schlumberger format for wireline logs. The .las files are text files with headers denoting column data and units. The depths HAVE NOT been corrected for the tool length—that length can be found in the .tfd files (also a text file, search for “ToolLength”) and subtracted from the depths. The only file type that is not text is the Optical Borehole Imaging (aka optical televiewer)—these data must be read using a software package like WellCad. Natural gamma, heat pulse flowmeter, optical borehole imaging, single point resistance, and temperature fluid resistivity were collected with Mt. Sopris tools: http://www.mountsopris.com/

ABSTRACT:

Quality assured event-based precipitation samples have been collected using Eigenbrodt Automatic Precipitation Sampler NSA 181S located at the SHCZO ridge top. Samples were processed using DT-100 Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer and analyzed following IAEA Standard Operation Procedure. Precipitation amount data were determined from Laser Precipitation Monitor (Disdrometer). Samples were plotted compared to the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL). Water samples were analyzed on DT-100 Liquid-Water Isotope Analyzer: http://www.lgrinc.com/analyzers/overview.php?prodid=16 IAEA Standard Operating Procedure was followed with in-house standards: http://www-naweb.iaea.org/napc/ih/documents/other/laser_procedure_rev12.PDF Deuterium (2H) and Oxygen-18 (18O) isotope values were calculated to within 1‰ and 0.2‰ respectively. Eigenbrodt Automatic Precipitation Sampler NSA-181S wet only: http://www.eigenbrodt.de/Wet_only_collectors-c1-l1-k52.html Thies Clima Laser Precipitation Monitor (Disdrometer): http://www.thiesclima.com/disdrometer.html

ABSTRACT:

Quality assured stream water stable isotope data has been prepared using Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer. Samples were analyzed following IAEA Standard Operating Procedure. Daily stream water samples were collected using ISCO Sampler at the stream outlet. Samples were plotted compared to the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL). Water samples were analyzed on DT-100 Liquid-Water Isotope Analyzer: http://www.lgrinc.com/analyzers/overview.php?prodid=16 IAEA Standard Operating Procedure was followed with in-house standards: http://www-naweb.iaea.org/napc/ih/documents/other/laser_procedure_rev12.PDF Deuterium (2H) and Oxygen-18 (18O) isotope values were calculated to within 1‰ and 0.2‰ respectively.

ABSTRACT:

Quality assured groundwater stable isotope data of spatially distributed wells have been prepared using DT-100 Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer. Samples were analyzed following IAEA Standard Operating Procedure. Daily groundwater samples were collected using two ISCO Samplers at two locations in the riparian zone. Spatially distributed samples were collected bimonthly from 17 wells throughout the watershed. The map of spatially distributed wells is given below in Further References. Samples were plotted compared to the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL). Water samples were analyzed on DT-100 Liquid-Water Isotope Analyzer: http://www.lgrinc.com/analyzers/overview.php?prodid=16 IAEA Standard Operating Procedure was followed with in-house standards: http://www-naweb.iaea.org/napc/ih/documents/other/laser_procedure_rev12.PDF Deuterium (2H) and Oxygen-18 (18O) isotope values were calculated to within 1‰ and 0.2‰ respectively.

ABSTRACT:

Quality assured soil water data of spatially distributed suction-cup lysimeters have been processed using DT-100 Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer. Samples were analyzed following IAEA Standard Operating Procedure. Lysimeters are located along four transects and described in note [1]. Samples were plotted compared to the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL). Water samples were analyzed on DT-100 Liquid-Water Isotope Analyzer: http://www.lgrinc.com/analyzers/overview.php?prodid=16 IAEA Standard Operating Procedure was followed with in-house standards: http://www-naweb.iaea.org/napc/ih/documents/other/laser_procedure_rev12.PDF Deuterium (2H) and Oxygen-18 (18O) isotope values were calculated to within 1‰ and 0.2‰ respectively.

ABSTRACT:

The Real-Time Soil Moisture Monitoring Network provides integrated observation of water, energy and temperature in the soils of the Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory watershed. Soil Matric Potential is measured at between 4 and 5 depths at 2 sites. Some depths may appear duplicated because another sensor was placed at the same depth, possibly at a later date/time. Matric potential is measured with 253 probes manufactured by Campbell Scientific.

ABSTRACT:

The Real-Time Soil Moisture Monitoring Network provides integrated observation of water, energy and temperature in the soils of the Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory watershed. Electric Conductivity is measured at between 4 and 5 depths at 13 sites. Electric conductivity is measured with HydraProbes manufactured by Stevens Instruments, and by 5TE probes manufactured by Decagon. At 2 sites (15 and 55) electric conductivity is measured with 2 loggers, which have different time stamps.

ABSTRACT:

The Real-Time Soil Moisture Monitoring Network provides integrated observation of water, energy and temperature in the soils of the Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory watershed. Soil Matric Potential is measured at between 3 and 13 depths at 10 sites. Matric potential is measured with MPS1 probes manufactured by Decagon.

ABSTRACT:

The Real-Time Soil Moisture Monitoring Network provides integrated observation of water, energy and temperature in the soils of the Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory watershed. Dielectric Constant is measured at 4 depths at 2 sites. Imaginary Dielectric Constant is measured with Hydra Probes manufactured by Stevens Instruments.

ABSTRACT:

The Real-Time Soil Moisture Monitoring Network provides integrated observation of water, energy and temperature in the soils of the Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory watershed. Electric Conductivity is measured at 4 depths at 2 sites. Real Dielectric Constant is measured with Hydra Probes manufactured by Stevens Instruments.

ABSTRACT:

Ground survey map of the Susquehanna Shale Hills CZO.

ABSTRACT:

Groundwater chemistry from two unscreened wells (GW1 and GW2) at Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory from 2008-2010. Well are approximately 2.74 m deep and were sampled daily using automatic samplers (2700 series, Teledyne Isco, Lincoln, NE).

ABSTRACT:

The COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System (COSMOS) involves measuring low-energy cosmic-ray neutrons above the ground, whose intensity is inversely correlated with soil water content and with water in any form above ground level (Note: the contributions from subsurface and surface waters are distinguishable). The instrument, called a 'cosmic-ray moisture probe,' is brand new, but it is built on existing technologies that are put together in an innovative way. The use of such tried and tested technologies means the instrument and the technique are less likely to fail when deployed. It is proposed to use this novel technique to measure soil moisture content (and/or snow/vegetation water) in a network of 500 cosmicray water probes installed across the USA. Most probes will be installed in existing facilities, which will simplify the logistics, make the probes secure, and facilitate long-term operations and maintenance. The following data will be available to all in near-real time over the internet: neutron counts in two energy bands (fast, > 1 keV; and thermal, < 0.5 eV), soil water content, snow pack water equivalent (and possibly also vegetation water equivalent), temperature, pressure and relative humidity. The deployment will be in two phases: (1) Years 1-2: 50 probes, to identify and rectify any remnant technical issues associated with routine field use of the instrument; to identify and rectify any data collection, processing and distribution issues; and to better understand probe responses over different terranes and vegetations; (2) Years 3-5: 450 probes forming the COSMOS network. The facility will continue operating indefinitely after deployment, perhaps under the auspices of a government agency, to provide data on a continuing basis. (Text from COSMOS project web site at the University of Arizona - see external link.)
Date Range Comments: End Date should always be current day. Posted End Date is last time this page was edited.

ABSTRACT:

Trees in the Shale Hills watershed were originally surveyed in 2008. Tree survey data includes an assigned tree number with associated data including species, diameter, height (when available), and GPS coordinates (NAD 1983 State Plane Pennsylvania South FIPS 3702, units in meters).

This dataset has been registered with the EarthChem Library and assigned a dataset DOI. Please reference the associated DOI for any research derived from this data.

ABSTRACT:

Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Canopy Closure (CC) were measured from April to October of 2010 at up to 70 points in the watershed about every two weeks (twice a month). At each point, LAI and CC were measured in four directions and averaged. Soil moisture was measured at many of the same points on a regular basis. LAI was measured using a LAI-2200 instrument (LI-COR Biosciences). Canopy closure was measured with a spherical densiometer, Model C Forest Densiometers).

ABSTRACT:

A vegetation survey was conducted May through July, 2010 to validate the LiDAR data collected in July. Thirty-nine 30-diameter circular plots were chosen. Within each plot, trees over 18cm diameter were counted, species names recorded, and height and diameter measured. In meadow and wetland plots, average vegetation height and dominant plant species were recorded. In meadow and wetland plots, average vegetation height and dominant plant species were recorded.

Leaf Area Index (LAI) and canopy closure (CC) data were collected between July 14 and July 23, 2010 for meadow (M), wetland (W), and forest (Leading Ridge – LR) sites in addition to the Shale Hills catchment. LAI was measured using a LAI-2200 instrument (LI-COR Biosciences). Canopy closure was measured with a spherical densiometer, Model C Forest Densiometers). See “Notes” and “Key” sheets within the data file for additional details.

ABSTRACT:

Litter in the Shale Hills watershed was collected from litter traps, massed, and sorted by species on a weekly basis during the 2011, 2012, and 2013 seasons. Litter from the forest floor was collected next to the litter traps, massed, and sorted by species on a biweekly basis during the 2012 and 2013 seasons. Tree radial growth was measured by use of dendrobands on 109 trees throughout the watershed on a biweekly basis during 2012 and 2013.

Dataset DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/IEDA/100517

ABSTRACT:

The soil CO2 and N2O concentrations and various soil properties for the planar slope and swale sampling locations in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory watershed.

ABSTRACT:

Natural gamma ray logs are indicating the concentration of thorium (Th), uranium (U), and potassium (K) in the rocks surrounding a borehole and they are a measurement of the natural radioactivity of the formation. The energy of the gamma-rays (photons) differs for Th, U, and

K. Potassium emits only gamma photons of energy 1.46 MeV. Thorium emits gamma photons of a number of different energies, the highest of which is 2.62 MeV. Uranium similarly emits gamma photons of a number of different energies with 1.76 MeV as the highest energy that can be detected in a borehole. Here the values indicate total gamma ray energy and are function of well depth.

ABSTRACT:

Water residence time of ridge-top trees was studied using the deuterium tracer technique combined with sap flow in 2012. Trees were injected with deuterium tracer and the tracer was measured in leaf condensate on subsequent days. Leaves were sampled regularly by climbing trees and 50 foot tall scaffolding.

ABSTRACT:

Cryogenic vacuum distillation to extract water from plant tissue and mass spectroscopy (equilibration method). Small tree branches were sampled by tree climbing over the course of the season in 2009 and 2011. Samples were sealed in glass vials, frozen, and later the water was extracted from the tissue via cryogenic vacuum distillation. Samples were analyzed at the University of California at Berkeley, Center for Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry by mass spectroscopy, equilibration method.

ABSTRACT:

Weather stations deployed across the CZO Shale Transect, including sites in New York, Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama and Puerto Rico, provide continuous measurements of climatic conditions influencing shale weathering. Measurements are recorded every two hours and include precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, soil temperature, soil moisture and soil electrical conductivity. Data output from each weather station will help researchers understand the effects of climate on shale weathering and soil processes in various climates.

ABSTRACT:

Data are from the top of the flux tower at the Susquehanna Shale Hills CZO, including measurement of average surface pressure, water vapor concentration, virtual temperature, relative humidity, and net radiation. Temperature and humidity are measured with a Campbell Scientific HMP45C probe, http://www.campbellsci.com; surface pressure is measured with a a LI-COR LI-7500 CO2/H2O analyzer, http://www.licor.com; and water vapor concentration is measured with both the HMP45C and the LI-7500. Net radiation is measured with a Kipp & Zonen NR-Lite, http://s.campbellsci.com/documents/us/manuals/nr-lite.pdf; and PAR is measured with a LI-COR LI-190, http://www.licor.com/env/products/light/quantum_sensors/190specs.html. Net radiation is integrated, downward minus upward, from 0.2 - 100 µm, and PAR is integrated from 400 - 700 nm.

ABSTRACT:

Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) measurements of soil moisture were taken in the Shale Hills catchment at 106 points and 7 depths at each point. TRIME-T3 tube access probes (IMKO, Ettlingen, Germany) were used at each location at 7 depths, and were read with a TRIME-FM3 mobile moisture meter at several dates from 2006 through 2015. Spatial locations defined on the NAD 1927 State Plane (PA) coordinate system.

ABSTRACT:

A double V-notch weir located at the outlet of the stream Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory Stream (40.6648488, -77.9072458, elevation of 259.08) was used to monitor stream discharge accurately during high and low flows. Water depths were recorded in one-minute intervals, integrated to 10 minute values and converted to discharge using a rating curve developed by Nutter (1964).

ABSTRACT:

Groundwater depth at three wells in a triangular array located in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory valley floor (Well 1 Lat: 40.6645848, Long: -77.9054530, well top elevation 266.06 m, depth 1.1 m; Well 2 Lat: 40.6645169, Long: -77.9055588, well top elevation 265.16 m, depth 1.96 m; Well 3 Lat:40.6645108, Long: -77.9053428, well top elevation 265.85 m, depth 2.31 m) Water depths were recorded at ten-minute intervals using Druck 153 pressure transducers (Campbell Scientific Inc., Logan, UT).

ABSTRACT:

Quality assured soil moisture from three sets of nested (depths 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 m) soil moisture probes (sensor: Decagon Echo2) at RTH2 network. Sensor were grouped 1-3 (lat:40.6653204 long:-77.9031097; ground elevation: 279.87 m),4-6 (lat:40.6653006 long:-77.9032492; ground elevation: 279.76 m), 7-9 (lat:40.6652192 long:-77.9031565; ground elevation: 277.15 m), with sensors 1,4 and 7 located at a depth 0.1 m and sensors 3,6 and 9 at a depth of 0.5 m. The Real-Time Hydrology Network provides integrated observation from bedrock to boundary layer of the Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory watershed. 'Off-the-shelf” Internet Protocol (IP) compliant climate stations, eddy covariance flux stations, stream gauging, soil moisture profilers, and pressure transducers for monitoring groundwater levels comprise a series of real-time Internet-accessible sensor arrays that support research and educational efforts investigating interactions between the atmosphere,

surface and subsurface terrestrial processes, and the riverine hydrologic system. Quality assured soil moisture from three sets of nested (depths 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 m) soil moisture probes (sensor: Decagon Echo2) at RTH3 network. Sensor were grouped 1-3 (lat:40.6645848 long:-77.9054530; ground elevation: 266.06 m),4-6 (lat:40.6645169 long:-77.9055588; ground elevation: 265.16 m), 7-9 (lat:40.6645108 long:-77.9053428; ground elevation: 265.84 m), with sensors 1,4 and 7 located at a depth 0.1 m and sensors 3,6 and 9 at a depth of 0.5 m. The Real-Time Hydrology Network provides integrated observation from bedrock to boundary layer of the Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory watershed. 'Off-the-shelf” Internet Protocol (IP) compliant climate stations, eddy covariance flux stations, stream gauging, soil moisture profilers, and pressure transducers for monitoring groundwater levels comprise a series of real-time Internet-accessible sensor arrays that support research and educational efforts investigating interactions between the atmosphere,

surface and subsurface terrestrial processes, and the riverine hydrologic system.

ABSTRACT:

Root length density from fine roots (first and second order) from 36 cores collected in July 2013, seperated by depth increments. Approximate locations of cores based on tree ID from tree survey list are as follows:

(Position-Core nest-Curvature Type, TreeID)

RT-A-Planar, 1180

RT-B-Planar, 1181

RT-A-Swale, 990

RT-B-Swale, 994

MS-A-Swale, 1186

MS-B-Swale, 1242

MS-A-Planar, 1072

MS-B-Planar, 1054

VF-A-Swale, 1221

VF-B-Swale, 1207

VF-A-Planar, 1129

VF-B-Planar, 1059 & 1058

ABSTRACT:

Seismic survey raw data files.

ABSTRACT:

Reanalysis data has been prepared using the model reanalysis results from PIHM. There are three versions of reanalysis data products due to availability of the model-data coupling strategy.

ABSTRACT:

The Real-Time Hydrology Network provides precipitation type detection by hydrometeor species and precipitation intensity and amount measurement at RTH1 in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory watershed. Precipitation amount, intensity, and type, along with hail diameter and equivalent radar reflectivity factor, are measured with a Thies Clima Laser Precipitation Monitor, http://www.thiesclima.com/disdrometer.html. See http://www.czo.psu.edu/downloads/Metadataworksheets/LPM_SYNOP_METAR_key.pdf for SYNOP and METAR precipitation type codes.
Date Range Comments: The LPM is no longer operational and was removed from site.

ABSTRACT:

From detailed soil maps of the Shale Hills CZO and measurement of five soil types at different soil horizons (see USDA Soil Survey Manual, http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/ref/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262), these parameters have been determined which can be used for watershed model input, particularly with the Penn State Intergrated Hydrologic Model (PIHM). The first table includes total porosity, saturated vertical hydraulic conductivity, and horizontal hydraulic conductivity. The second table includes van Genuchten parameters α and β.

A Flux-PIHM wiki web page has been added (http://cataract.cee.psu.edu/PIHM/index.php/Land_Surface_Scheme:_Flux-PIHM).

The Flux-PIHM code now is also available for download at a GitHub page (https://github.com/shiyuning/PIHM-MF) for the community to use.

The Flux-PIHM EnKF system code now is available for download at a GitHub page (https://github.com/shiyuning/Flux-PIHM-EnKF-2.0) for the community to use.

ABSTRACT:

GPR scans within Shale Hills catchment extrapolated to bedrock elevation values across entire catchment field area. Data are presented as height above msl (m) in GIS shapefile.

ABSTRACT:

Above-ground biomass of trees in Shale Hills based on diameter at breast height (DBH), including wood and foliage, calculated based on 2008 and 2012 measurements.

ABSTRACT:

Surface water chemistry data for sites within Shaver’s Creek above Lake Perez (SCAL), below Lake Perez (SCBL), and Shaver’s Creek Outlet (SCO). Water chemistry is included for the sites listed above plus Shale Hills (SH) and Garner Run (GR). Water chemistry data includes major cations and anions, alkalinity, and dissolved organic carbon. All data contributes to the goals of hypothesis six (H6), which focuses on concentration-discharge relationships spatially and temporally.

ABSTRACT:

Surface and groundwater were collected from the SSHCZO and from the surrounding Shaver's Creek watershed in October 2014 by students enrolled in Hydrogeochemistry at Kent State University. The motivation for this data collection was to evaluate the spatial variability of inputs from hillslope soils to the SSHCZO stream from soils; however, dry conditions precluded soil water collection and efforts shifted to evaluating water chemistry in the larger Shaver's Creek watershed. The stream at Shale Hills was not flowing during sample collection; thus samples were obtained from stagnant pools of water. This file contains information for collected water samples, including location data and geochemical data (pH, specific conductance, concentrations of anions and cations).

ABSTRACT:

467 tree falls were surveyed and measured in Spring 2014 in the Shale Hills catchment of the Susquehanna Shale Hills CZO. Measurements include location, size, orientation, and age of the fallen tree and its associated root ball pit.

ABSTRACT:

A fiber-optic distributed temperature sensor (FO-DTS) was deployed November – December 2015 along 680 meters of Garner Run. The FO-DTS measured stream temperatures every meter with 0.01°C spatial resolution and 10 min sampling frequency. Each data file is a tab-delimited text file containing temperature, stokes, and anti-stokes backscatter data for every meter.

ABSTRACT:

Flux-PIHM (Shi and Davis, 2013) was applied in August 2015 to reanalysis discharge in Shale Hills catchment. Flux-PIHM is a fully coupled land surface hydrologic model, which can be used to reproduce discharge, groundwater level, soil water content in different soil layers, snow depth, evapotranspiration, etc. This file present estimation of discharge and related hydrologic processes from Jan 2008 to Aug 2015 based on national databases and local measurement, in order to provide a continuous discharge estimation and to be a supplement of data in the case of data missing from field measurements.

ABSTRACT:

Raw (not quality controlled) precipitation and max wind speed (magnitude and time of day) data streamed daily from the OTT Pluvio2 weighing type rain gauge and RMY05103 wind monitor on the Real-Time Hydrology net station at the ridge top in Shale Hills CZO.
Date Range Comments: End Date should always be current day. Listed date is date of last update of this linking page only.

ABSTRACT:

Four-way radiometer gives the upward and downward longwave and shortwave radiation, net radiation, albedo. These data are raw, direct from the sensor’s datalogger, and have not been quality controlled. Data collected using CNR 4 Net Radiometer, Kipp & Zonen.
Date Range Comments: End Date should always be current day. Listed date is date of last update of this linking page only.

ABSTRACT:

Raw field data collected in the Shale Hills catchment and Garner Run (Sandstone Forested) study area, including measures of vegetation, soil organic layer, and rock cover. Vegetation measurements include tree species and size, understory vegetation, and ground cover. Soil organic layer measurements include O horizon and coarse woody debris. Rock cover measurements include percent rock cover and size of rocks. Measurements were taken along transects parallel to the contour at Shale Hills. At Garner Run, measurements were taken along four transects 700 – 1400 m long that run parallel to the contour. Transect locations are as follows: Leading Ridge midslope, Tussey Ridge ridge top, Tussey Ridge midslope, Tussey Ridge valley bottom.

ABSTRACT:

Infiltrometer data were collected from 5-6 sites around the infiltration experiments. Map is provided in the spreadsheet file. IN2-W Turf Tec double ring infiltrometer was used. Inner ring diameter is 0.06 m. Steady state tests were performed by measuring the amount of infiltration after a fixed time. For the transient method the infiltration amount was recorded every minute. Water was added (amount recorded) when necessary to keep the float within the recording interval. Multiple depths were tested when possible (10, 20 30 cm).

ABSTRACT:

Sediment samples were collected at 2 or 3 sites around the infiltration experiments. A map is provided in the spreadsheet file. Sieved both manually and with a shaker (for finest range).

ABSTRACT:

Three sets of 21 GPR lines were collected (single set at each location, unlike Shale Hills experiment which had duplicate lines). The set of lines are diagramed in GPR_grid_2013.xlsx. Each group is identified by a line number given in FieldNotesWithLineNumbers. The three sets are pre-infiltration, after water infiltration, and after dye infiltration. The water infiltration pre-wet the soil to extend the range of the dye migration. All of these were collected in a single day. Duplicate radar lines provide a measure of data reproducibility and sensitivity. Processed radargrams are available in the appendix of the Pitman master’s thesis. Processing parameters are provided there. A MALA GPR with 800 Mhz shielded antenna was used. The sample interval was 0.1164 ns. The time window was 46.434 nanoseconds (400 samples per trace). A trace was collected every 1 cm along the lines triggered by the Mala survey wheel attached to the antenna. The antenna was pulled by hand, but guided by a rigid board for reproducible location. A distance measuring wheel was used to encode the horizontal position..

ABSTRACT:

A 2.5 foot fiberglass H-flume with 7’ 6” 3D approach section, 10” diameter stilling well, and dual scale staff gauge is located at the outlet of the stream Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory Stream (40.6648488, -77.9072458, elevation 259.08 m) is used to monitor stream discharge accurately during high and low flows. Water depths are measured using a Decagon CTD-10 sensor recording in one-minute intervals, integrated to 10 minute values and converted to discharge using a rating curve developed by Open Channel Flow for the specific flume dimensions. An offset of 54 mm has been entered in the Campbell Science CR1000 data-logger program to account for the difference between the pressure sensor spacing and distance from bottom of stilling well to flume. Data are measured using a Decagon CTD-10 pressure transducer consisting of depth, water temperature and electrical conductance. The pressure sensor is located 15mm from the head (bottom) of sensor. The 15mm offset is accounted for in the CRBasic program providing actual values of water depth in the data table. Discharge values are derived from formulas in the Openchannelflow 2.5-ft H-Flume discharge table, and will report values of -9999 when depth is less than 6.1 mm where excessive error due to fluid flow properties and boundary conditions apply.
Date Range Comments: Data are quasi-live 10-minute interval depth and derived discharge values. End date is not fixed.

ABSTRACT:

Raw (not quality controlled) precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction data streamed daily from the OTT Pluvio2 weighing type rain gauge and other meteorological instruments on the Real-Time Hydrology net station at the ridge top in Shale Hills CZO.
Date Range Comments: End Date should always be current day. Listed date is date of last update of this linking page only.

ABSTRACT:

Turbidity data collected upstream of Shale Hills weir. Use with caution, as the placement of probe was not ideal as it had to be in weir pond in order to obtain deep enough water to submerge probe. Stilling well installed with new flume in 2015 improved situation.
Date Range Comments: End Date should always be current day. Listed date is date of last update of this linking page only.

ABSTRACT:

Colloids were isolated from SSHO soil samples collected for another study. Colloids were isolated by shaking soil in Milli-Q water, centrifuging to remove particles >1 micron, and then passing the suspension through a 1 micron nylon mesh. Certain colloids samples were further segregated by settling at room temperature over a 17 cm settling distance. Settling times are indicated in the data file. Splits of the colloidal suspensions were filtered to < 3kDa to assess truly dissolved constituents and that is the data collected here. The column FieldLabel matches samples between files.

ABSTRACT:

We measured the root collar diameter and species of all shrubs present in sub-plots along the established vegetation transects at Shale Hills and Garner Run watersheds. Sub-plots were placed every 10 and 20 meters at Shale Hills and Garner Run, respectively. Each sub-plot was 2 m by 2 m square, centered on the tape. All stems between 0.1 cm and 10 cm at root collar diameter were measured using a caliper and identified by species. Species were coded by Latin name, with the first two letters of the genus and first two letters of the species.

ABSTRACT:

The specific objectives of this experiment are to quantify variation in soil pCO2 and oxygen concentration at varying topographical positions in the two lithologies. The respiration and oxygen production in the soil will vary with microbial population and community. Eosense (previously Forerunner) CO2 concentration probes (eosGP) were used to measured in-situ soil CO2 concentration. Apogee Instruments oxygen sensors (SO-110) were used to measure in-situ soil oxygen concentration (%O2). Sensors were calibrated according to company documentation with site specific information. Sensors were deployed at two depths into soil pits at midslope location on opposite slopes. Sensors were wired to Campbell Scientific dataloggers with a program developed to measure the CO2 and O2 concentrations every hour and average every day.

ABSTRACT:

To quantify “truly dissolve” phases of solute concentrations, groundwater and stream water samples collected at the Shale Hills Critical Zone observatory were filtered a sequence of filters with different pore sizes (1μm, 0.45 μm, 0.22 μm, 100KDa, and sometimes 1 KDa). Approximately 1L of water samples were taken at the Shale Hills CZO. The samples were retrieved to the laboratory within an hour and were filtered at the laboratory. The samples were filtered:

Filter pore size filter material filter manufacture filtration method

1μm Cellulose nitrate membrane filters Whatman vacuum filtration

0.45 μm Polyethersulfone membrane filter Pall Corporation vacuum filtration

0.22 μm Polyethersulfone membrane filter Pall Corporation vacuum filtration

100KDa Regenerated Cellulose filter EMD Millipore ultra-filtration

1KDa Regenerated Cellulose filter EMD Millipore ultra-filtration

The filtrates were acidified (1% v/v) using Optima Nitric acid. Major cations and silica were analyzed on an inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometer (ICP– OES).

ABSTRACT:

The time-series of groundwater and streamwater chemistry were monitored at the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory using ISCO samplers. The sampling frequency was 1-day. The groundwater samples were collected at CZMW3 at -4m below the surface. The stream water samples were collected near the weir. The groundwater and stream water samples were collected at daily frequency at the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory. The groundwater samples were collected at CZMW3 and the stream water samples were collected near the weir. To preserve sample integrity for reactive elements such as Fe and Mn, a gravitational filtration system was employed (Kim et al 2012). GFS used 0.22μm Supor membrane filters (Pall Corperation). When the ISCO samplers were full, the samples were retrieved to the laboratory and were acidified (1% v/v) using Optima Nitric acid in the GFS bottles. To recover the precipitated and adsorbed phases of solutes, the acidified samples were sit at least 24 hours and the transferred to 50mL metal free centrifuge tubes. Major cations and silica were analyzed on an inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometer (ICP– OES).

ABSTRACT:

The Ground Hydrological Observation Gear (GroundHOG) sites in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory provide integrated observation of water, energy, and temperature in the Shale Hills and Garner Run field sites within the greater Shavers Creek watershed. Soil moisture, electrical conductivity, and soil temperature are measured at 3 depths at 8 sites. Each of these measurements is made using HydraProbes from Stevens Instruments (www.stevenswater.com).
Date Range Comments: End date will be updated as the raw data are checked for quality.

ABSTRACT:

The Ground Hydrological Observation Gear (GroundHOG) sites in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory provide integrated observation of water, energy, and temperature in the Shale Hills and Garner Run field sites within the greater Shavers Creek watershed. Real and imaginary dielectric are measured at 3 depths at 8 sites. Each of these measurements is made using HydraProbes from Stevens Instruments. Real and imaginary dielectric constants are measured at each site with Stevens Hydra Probe II (www.stevenswater.com).

ABSTRACT:

Dry weights of leaf litter collected during the Fall of 2015 from 54 macroplot locations (2 samples from each site, which were then averaged) across Shale Hills and Garner Run.This data was collected in an effort to determine leaf senescence phenological differences across slope position, slope aspect, and lithology type.

● Leaf litter traps were set up at macroplot sites, 2 at each location

● During the Fall, leaves were collected on a weekly, then bi-weekly basis

● Leaves were dried in a drying oven for 48 hours after collection but before measurement

● Sample mass was then measured on a scale and recorded, then converted to mass per unit area

● The average of 2 samples from each location was then determined

ABSTRACT:

Root intersection count data at specified depths from six sites. Three from Garner Run (Ridge Top, Midslope, and Valley Floor) and Three from Shale Pits (Ridge Top, Midslope, and Valley Floor). When pits were dug at each of these locations, photographs of each transect were taken. Root intersections were then identified from these photos and counted in an effort to learn about root distribution at each site.

● Pits were dug at each location, photographs with scale taken at each site.
● From photographs root intersections identified, marked, and counted.
● Counted data divided according to depth.
● Root distribution found from count data can area of each sample.

Date Range Comments: A one time sample when pits were dug.

ABSTRACT:

The Ground Hydrological Observation Gear (GroundHOG) sites in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory provide integrated observation of water, energy, and temperature in the Shale Hills and Garner Run field sites within the greater Shavers Creek watershed. Real and imaginary dielectric are measured at 3 depths at 8 sites. Each of these measurements is made using HydraProbes from Stevens Instruments. Real and imaginary dielectric constants are measured at each site with Stevens Hydra Probe II (www.stevenswater.com).

ABSTRACT:

The Ground Hydrological Observation Gear (GroundHOG) sites in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory provide integrated observation of water, energy, and temperature in the Shale Hills and Garner Run field sites within the greater Shavers Creek watershed. Soil moisture, electrical conductivity, and soil temperature are measured at 3 depths at 8 sites. Each of these measurements is made using HydraProbes from Stevens Instruments. Soil moisture, soil electrical conductivity, and soil temperature are measured at each site with Stevens Hydra Probe II (www.stevenswater.com).

ABSTRACT:

Streambed water temperature was monitored at 6 streambed piezometers at the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory since May 2015 at a 15-min interval. These are RAW data to estimate the groundwater seepage rates. Each piezometer has two thermal probes at about vertically 15-20cm apart. The daily seepage rate is inferred from the amplitude and phases differences between the two streambed temperature measurements (Hatch et al., 2006). The daily seepage rate at each streambed piezometer point is inferred from the amplitude and phase differences between a pair of water temperature measurements. The detailed method is available in Hatch et al. (2006). Matlab codes for the seepage rate computation are available (contact Tess Russo at russo@psu.edu).

Hatch C.E., Andrew T. Fisher, Revenaugh J. S., Constantz J., and Ruehl C. (2006) Quantifying surface water-groundwater interactions using time series analysis of streambed thermal records: Method development. Water Resources Research, 42, W10410. doi:10.1029/2005WR004787

ABSTRACT:

Hydroinnova Cosmic-Ray Soil Moisture/Snow Sensing System (COSMOS), Model CRS-1000/B, non-invasively measures moderated neutron count among an averaged area (around 700 meters in diameter (Franz et al., 2013)), which can indirectly represent soil moisture in the top 50 cm of soil. This file includes level 1 data measured directly from COSMOS. The neutron count can be affected various elements in surroundings, where hydrogen is often the dominant one (Zreda et al., 2012). The neutron rate counted by the MOD column of COSMOS therefore can be used to determine soil moisture after a standard correction and point calibration, the results of which are COSMOS Level 2 and Level 3 data. Data collected using Hydroinnova Cosmic-Ray Soil Moisture/Snow Sensing System. Prepared to be corrected and be used to determine soil moisture.

Calibration

SM a0 a1 a2 N N0

0.1771 0.0808 0.372 0.115 1963.23 3026.79

Pressure correction parameter

L = 133

PO = 956

Date Range Comments: Data to be updated quarterly.

ABSTRACT:

Surface water discharge data for Garner Run stream (Sheet 1). Stage data was measured every 10 to15 min and a rating curve was built with manual measurements from a Parshall Flume. All data contributes to the goals of hypothesis six (H6), which focuses on concentration-discharge relationships spatially and temporally. Data spans from October 2014 to March 2016.

Discharge measurements were collected using a 9 inch flume monthly to bi-weekly and used to build a rating curve.

Stage was measured every 15 min in a pool ~20 m upstream of the flume using a HOBO pressure transducer. Surveys were conducted to compute elevation difference between Parshall Flume and HOBO pressure transducer. Discharge was calculated for each elevation compensated stage measurement based upon the rating curve.

Date Range Comments: Discharge values are computed based on rating developed with manual measurements.

ABSTRACT:

Surface water discharge data for Shaver’s Creek outlet (Sheet 1). Data interval was measured every 10 to 30 min and a rating curve was built with manual measurements from a FlowTracker. All data contributes to the goals of hypothesis six (H6), which focuses on concentration-discharge relationships spatially and temporally. Data spans from 2013 Oct 8 to present. Discharge measurements were collected using a FlowTracker monthly to bi-weekly and used to build a rating curve. Stage was measured every 15 min using a HOBO pressure transducer. Discharge was calculated for each stage measurement based upon the rating curve.

ABSTRACT:

Groundwater level data far Harrys Valley 1 well were measured every 10 minutes using Schlumberger Micro-Diver non-vented pressure transducers. Recorded data began 2015-11-20 through present. Groundwater level measurements were recorded at ten minute intervals using Schlumberger Micro-Diver non-vented pressure transducers. Data were processed using barometric values from a HOBO data logger located at the Garner Run Outler (40.692454 - 77.927731).

ABSTRACT:

Surface water discharge and chemistry data for sites within Shaver’s Creek above Lake Perez (SCAL), below Lake Perez (SCBL), and Shaver’s Creek Outlet (SCO). Water chemistry is included for the sites listed above plus Shale Hills (SH) and Garner Run (GR). Water chemistry data includes major cations and anions, alkalinity, and dissolved organic carbon. All data contributes to the goals of hypothesis six (H6), which focuses on concentration-discharge relationships spatially and temporally.

ABSTRACT:

Groundwater water level data and water temperature for wells in Shale Hills. Wells include:
* CZMW 5

* CZMW 8

* CZMW 10

* CZMW 11

* Well 3

* Well 5

* Well 7

* Well 9

* Well 11

* Well 12

Date Range Comments: data are continuous and will be updated quarterly

ABSTRACT:

The objectives of this semi-quantitative study were to 1) provide a summary list of the taxa present, along with ecological descriptions of intermittent stream fauna; and 2) conduct a biological assessment consisting of diversity indices and an index of biotic integrity.

ABSTRACT:

Groundwater level data and water temperature for are measured every 15 minutes using a HOBO U20-001-01 non-vented pressure transducer for CFW wells 1,2, & 4. Data are manually downloaded monthly using HOBO-Ware Pro software. Sensor depth is calculated in the software by processing with barometric pressure data recorded on a separate HOBO U20-001-01 pressure transducer. Water level below ground determined using the suspended cable length to sensor below ground and taking the difference of the SensorDepth_m and corrected to manual water level measurements.

Wells CFW 5 - 13 use Van Essen Micro Diver non-vented pressure transducers. These are processed in the DiverOffice software using manual measurements to reference.
Date Range Comments: End date continues to be updated; times are in UTC

ABSTRACT:

Chemistry for water samples collected from the Shaver's Creek Watershed are presented as part of Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory research. Samples were collected from the sandstone bedrock site, Garner Run (GRO). Grab samples were collected from the stream sites on a bi-weekly to monthly basis from June 2014 to February 2016. Samples were processed for major cations, anions, and general physiochemical parameters as soon as possible following collection.

ABSTRACT:

Shale and sandstone are the most common lithologies of the forested ridges throughout the Appalachian Mountains. The overall goal of this thesis was to determine whether these two rock types impart distinct biogeochemical properties to soils and plants. The effects of rock type (lithology) on soil gas concentration, nutrient concentration and nutrient limitation were studied in the Ridge and Valley province of central Pennsylvania. To increase understanding of lithological controls on soil gases (Chapter 1), we monitored the depth distribution of soil CO2 and O2 concentrations in central Pennsylvania in two watersheds on different lithologies. We deployed gas monitoring instrumentation on two catena transects that included four topographical positions, one located on sandstone and the other on shale. As expected, with increasing soil depth O2 concentrations decreased while pCO2 increased. CO2 and O2 concentrations varied more with topographical position than with lithology, as the valley floor positions in both catenas had the highest pCO2 for a given depth. Both manual sampling from gas access tubes throughout the soil profile and continuous sampling by buried sensors documented these patterns.

ABSTRACT:

The time-series of groundwater and streamwater chemistry were monitored at the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory using ISCO samplers. The sampling frequency was 1-day. The groundwater samples were collected at CZMW3 at -4m below the surface. The stream water samples were collected near the weir.

ABSTRACT:

Measurement of sap flux in mature oak trees at the CZO during the entire year. Motivation for study is to monitor actual water usage of trees in order to understand water flux rates throughout the water catchment. The tree ID numbers are 1051, 915, 1165, and 1170. Additionally, the data helps to understand the soil, plant, atmosphere continuum (SPAC) at the CZO. Measurements are made using four Dynamax Thermal Dissipation sensor (TDP) with 30 millimeter probes. These are connected to a Campbell Scientific CR1000 data logger which is wired in series to another CR1000 data logger to stream data into the CZO database.
Date Range Comments: Data are streamed; End date is not fixed

ABSTRACT:

Measurement of sap flux in mature oak trees at the CZO Garner Run catchment in Rothrock State Forest during the entire year. Motivation for study is to monitor actual water usage of trees in order to understand water flux rates throughout the water catchment. The tree ID numbers are 3158, 144, 3164, and 180. Additionally, the data helps to understand the soil, plant, atmosphere continuum (SPAC) at the CZO. Measurements are made using four Dynamax Thermal Dissipation sensor (TDP) with 30 millimeter probes. These are connected to a Campbell Scientific CR1000 data logger that are manually downloaded monthly.

Data collected using paired temperature probes installed in trees and insulated. In each tree one probe produces a small amount of heat, the other probe measures the ambient temperature of the sap. The greater the sap flux in a tree the greater the voltage difference in the probes.
Date Range Comments: Data are manually downloaded; End date is not fixed

ABSTRACT:

The Ground Hydrological Observation Gear (GroundHOG) sites in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory provide integrated observation of water, energy, and temperature in the Shale Hills and Garner Run field sites within the greater Shavers Creek watershed. Real and imaginary dielectric are measured at 3 depths at 8 sites. Each of these measurements is made using HydraProbes from Stevens Instruments.
Date Range Comments: Continuous data that will be updated periodically.

ABSTRACT:

The Ground Hydrological Observation Gear (GroundHOG) sites in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory provide integrated observation of water, energy, and temperature in the Shale Hills and Garner Run field sites within the greater Shavers Creek watershed. Real and imaginary dielectric are measured at 3 depths at 8 sites. Each of these measurements is made using HydraProbes from Stevens Instruments.
Date Range Comments: Continuous data that will be updated periodically.

ABSTRACT:

The Ground Hydrological Observation Gear (GroundHOG) sites in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory provide integrated observation of water, energy, and temperature in the Shale Hills and Garner Run field sites within the greater Shavers Creek watershed. Real and imaginary dielectric are measured at 3 depths at 8 sites. Each of these measurements is made using HydraProbes from Stevens Instruments.
Date Range Comments: Continuous data that will be updated periodically.

ABSTRACT:

Garner Run: Survey shapefiles, photos, and point-count data (Garner Run)(DiBiase lab, Joanmarie Del Vecchio)

ABSTRACT:

The Ground Hydrological Observation Gear (GroundHOG) sites in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory provide integrated observation of water, energy at Cole Farm field sites within the greater Shavers Creek watershed. Soil moisture and soil temperature are measured at 4 depths at 4 sites. Each of these measurements is made using HydraProbes from Stevens Instruments.
Date Range Comments: Continuous data that will be updated periodically.

ABSTRACT:

Shortwave and longwave radiation are measured using Kipp & Zonen CMP3 Pyranometer and CGR3 Pyrgeometer sensors. These data are recorded Cole Farm East Midslope pit location. These are raw data and have not been quality controlled.

ABSTRACT:

Groundwater level data for Harrys Valley 3 meter well were measured every 10 minutes from 2016-06-15 to 2016-10-06 and 15 minutes from 2017-01-18 to present using a HOBO non-vented pressure transducer and processed with a HOBO pressure transducer that recorded barometric pressure. Recorded data began 2016-06-15 through present.

ABSTRACT:

A 2.5 foot fiberglass H-flume with 7’ 6” 3D approach section, 10” diameter stilling well, and dual scale staff gauge is located at the outlet of the stream Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory Stream (40.664848, -77.907245, elevation 259.08 m) is used to monitor stream discharge accurately during high and low flows. Water depths are measured using a Decagon CTD-10 sensor recording in one-minute intervals, integrated to 10 minute values and converted to discharge using a rating curve developed by Open Channel Flow for the specific flume dimensions. An offset of 54 mm has been entered in the Campbell Science CR1000 data-logger program to account for the difference between the pressure sensor spacing and distance from bottom of stilling well to flume.
Date Range Comments: 2015 2015-11-03 to 2015-11-19: no flow and building up ice 2015-11-20 to 2015-12-01: ice 2016 2016-12-15 : ice 2016-12-20 to 2016-12-25 : ice 2016-01-05 to 2016-01-08: ice 2016-01-09 to 2016-01-10: ice 2016-01-13 to 2016-01-14: ice 2016-01-18 to 2016-01-31: ice 2016-02-11 to 2016-02-21: ice 2016-04-20: debris buildup 2016-06-10 to 2016-11-30: no flow – summer was dry 2017 2017-01-07 to 2017-01-12: ice 2017-05-03: debris buildup 2017-05-17 to 2017-05-29: debris buildup 2017-06-08 to 2017-06-16: debris buildup 2017-06-29 to 2017-07-11: debris buildup 2017-10-17: erroneous data spikes 2017-11-20 to 2017-11-21: ice 2017-12-13 to 2018-01-01: ice

ABSTRACT:

LI-COR LI 7500A measures CO2 and water vapor concentration at 10Hz time resolution. Campbell Scientific CSAT3 gives 3D wind speed and air temperature at 10Hz rate. CO2, sensible heat, latent heat fluxes were calculated every 30min based on the above measurements.

ABSTRACT:

Hourly automated sampling of O2 and CO2 in soils of the midslope of Tussey Mountain. This automated gas collection is ongoing as part of the larger GroundHOG dataset that includes soil gas, soil moisture, and pore water chemistry. These automated soil gas measurements are taken from a surface and subsurface horizon at each of the sites. These data provide key information on predominate weathering processes, microbial respiration, and tree root activity.

ABSTRACT:

Hourly automated sampling of O2 and CO2 in soils of the south planar midslope of Shale Hills This automated gas collection is ongoing as part of the larger GroundHOG dataset that includes soil gas, soil moisture, and pore water chemistry. These automated soil gas measurements are taken from a surface and subsurface horizon at each of the sites. These data provide key information on predominate weathering processes, microbial respiration, and tree root activity.

ABSTRACT:

Raw (not quality controlled) ten minute snow depth (cm) from a Campbell Scientific SR50A Sonic Range Sensor at Shale Hills southern ridge top
Date Range Comments: Data are continuously streaming; updating every 10 minutes. The end date is merely date of updating web portal update.

ABSTRACT:

Hydroinnova Cosmic-Ray Soil Moisture/Snow Sensing System (COSMOS), Model CRS-1000/B, non-invasively measures moderated neutron count among an averaged area (around 700 meters in diameter (Franz et al., 2013)), which can indirectly represent soil moisture in the top 50 cm of soil. This file includes level 0 (raw) data measured directly from COSMOS. The neutron count can be affected by various elements in surroundings, where hydrogen is often the dominant one (Zreda et al., 2012).

The COSMOS unit was installed on August 20, 2018. Soil samples for calibration were collected on September 4, 2018. Data are collected using Hydroinnova Cosmic-Ray Soil Moisture/Snow Sensing System. Data are transmitted via iridium satellite telemetry to the Hydroinnova servers on a hourly rate. Data are then transferred to the CZO database via CRON job that runs twice per day.
Date Range Comments: End date is ongoing; updates twice per day

ABSTRACT:

The Ground Hydrological Observation Gear (GroundHOG) sites in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory provide integrated observation of water, energy, and temperature in the Shale Hills and Garner Run field sites within the greater Shavers Creek watershed. Soil moisture, electrical conductivity, and soil temperature are measured at 3 depths at the South Planar Mid Slope alternative pit in Shale Hills. The pit is located about 10 meters east of the main pit. Each of these measurements is made using HydraProbes from Stevens Instruments.

ABSTRACT:

The Ground Hydrological Observation Gear (GroundHOG) sites in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory provide integrated observation of water, energy, and temperature in the Garner Run field sites within the greater Shavers Creek watershed. Real and imaginary dielectric properties are measured at 3 depths; 10, 20, and 40 cm. Each of these measurements are made using HydraProbes from Stevens Instruments.

ABSTRACT:

Raw ten minute data from a Texas Electronics tipping bucket rain gauge was summed to hourly totals. Quality controlled precipitation data has been prepared using the (1) Texas Electronics tipping bucket rain gauge; and (2) external database when there is no data available. The external DB is either Shavers Creek Environmental Center data or NADP precipitation data nearby.
Date Range Comments: Data are updated quarterly.

ABSTRACT:

The Real-Time Soil Moisture Monitoring Network provides integrated observation of water, energy and temperature in the soils of the Shale Hills Susquehanna Critical Zone Observatory watershed. Soil Matric Potential is measured at between 3 and 13 depths at 7 sites. Matric potential is measured with 229 probes manufactured by Campbell Scientific. Each 229 probe was calibrated in the lab. Presented are calibrated values based on raw mV measurements.

ABSTRACT:

The Ground Hydrological Observation Gear (GroundHOG) sites in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory provide integrated observation of water, energy, and temperature at Cole Farm field sites within the greater Shavers Creek watershed. Soil moisture, soil electrical conductivity, and soil temperature are measured at 4 depths at 4 sites. Each of these measurements is made using HydraProbes from Stevens Instruments. These are automated sensors wired to a Campbell Scientific CR1000 data logger recording with a 10 minute interval.
Date Range Comments: Continuous data that will be updated periodically.

ABSTRACT:

We used observations at the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory and a biogeochemistry model, Biome-BGC, to simulate the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in the Shale Hills catchment.

ABSTRACT:

Raw (not quality controlled) precipitation data are measured every 10 minutes and accumulated daily as part of the Ground Hydrological Observation Gear (GroundHOG) sites in the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory site in Rothrock State Forest (Garner Run). Data are recorded on a Campbell Scientific CR1000 data logger. The data are automatically transmitted back to campus into database via cellular telemetry every three hours.
Date Range Comments: End date will be updated as the raw data are transmitted.

ABSTRACT:

Seismic refraction surveys consisted of 24 channel Geometrics Geode system and 14 Hz vertical component geophones. Seismic source was by using a sledgehammer striking a steel plate. Raw seismic shot records are available here in standard SEG-2 .dat format (Pullan, 1990). Field notes with acquisition parameters are also included.

Pullan, S.E., 1990, Recommended standard for seismic (/radar) files in the personal computer environment: Geophysics, 55, no. 09, 1260-1271

Date Range Comments: Campaign

ABSTRACT:

Seismic refraction surveys consisted of 24 channel Geometrics Geode system and 14 Hz vertical component geophones. Seismic source was by using a sledgehammer striking a steel plate.

Date Range Comments: Campaign

ABSTRACT:

TBD

ABSTRACT:

Raw field data collected in the Garner Run study area, including measures of vegetation, soil organic layer, and rock cover. Vegetation measurements include tree species and size, understory vegetation, and ground cover. Soil organic layer measurements include O horizon and coarse woody debris. Rock cover measurements include percent rock cover and size of rocks. Measurements were taken along four transects 700 – 1400 m long that run parallel to the contour. Transect locations are as follows: Leading Ridge midslope, Tussey Ridge ridge top, Tussey Ridge midslope, Tussey Ridge valley bottom.

ABSTRACT:

High-resolution Lidar data (average 10 points/m2 with 2-4 cm vertical accuracy) were collected for the Susquehanna Shale Hills CZO (Area = 169.80901 km2) during leaf-on (7/14/2010-7/16/2010) and full leaf-off (snow clear) (12/3/2010-12/9/2010). Data acquisition, ground-truthing, vegetation surveys and processing were funded and coordinated by NSF Award EAR-0922307 (PI. Qinghua Guo). Data was collected with the Gemini 06SEN/CON195 and digitizer 08DIG017 system installed on the Cessna 337 tail number N337P. Total points: 2,840,000,000 pts. Area: Area = 169 km2. Shot density: 13.54 points/m2. Survey report, with details about data processing: http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/metadata/2010_NCALM_CZO_Project_Report.pdf. All files are in ArcGRID format.

Dataset DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5069/G9VM496T