ABSTRACT:

Betasso 10m Meteorologic Tower. Instruments wired to a Campbell Scientific CR1000 (s/n 16759) data logger. Wind sensors, air temperature, and relative humidity are taken at 10m. Incoming shortwave radiation is at 5m. Net Radiation at 1.6m. Tipping bucket at approxomately 1m with Soil moisture and soil temperature sensors at approximately 20cm below ground.

*View Metadata for sensor coordinates and specifications

Legacy data can be found at: https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/6bf3e44b9de344749d8f665e139e7311/

ABSTRACT:

* View Metadata for sensor coordinates and specifications
SOUTH FACING:
GG1-SF-Met is a 2.5 m multi parameter meteorological tripod representing South facing aspects of Gordon Gulch.

Legacy data can be found at: https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/d30b44383d154225b3c99e557d124b7d/

NORTH FACING:
DWCZ-GG1-NF-Met is a 2.5 m multi parameter meteorological tripod representing North facing aspects of Gordon Gulch.

Legacy data can be found at: https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/d66f1f3239a94c7682c71217b1a94e0b/

*The north facing met station is more densely forested and this influences readings.

ABSTRACT:

Soil Moisture and Temperature Arrays and Groups at various depths at locations 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10.

LOCATION: Gordon Gulch (2590 m) lies within Arapahoe National Forest and is divided into Lower and Upper Gordon Gulch. Gordon Gulch joins the North Boulder Creek about 16 km downstream from Green Lakes Valley (GLV). This site is underlain by biotite gneiss and is mostly forested. Different aspect slopes present contrasts in soils and vegetation: thinner, less-weathered rock with grasses and Ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa) on south-facing slopes, and thicker, more weathered rock with dense Lodgepole pine (P. cortorta) on north-facing slopes. It is characterized by the low-relief remnants of a dissected Tertiary erosion surface in which weathered rock profiles are up to 15 m thick.

*View Metadata for sensor coordinates and specifications

ABSTRACT: Temperature and soil moisture sensors (campbell scientific 107 temperature sensors and CS616 soil moisture sensors) are installed at various depths below the ground surface to measure temperature and soil moisture. Sensors at this site are separated into two plots, Snow Melt (SM) and Simulated Rain (SR).

PLEASE SEE RELATED FOR MORE DWCZ SOIL MOISTURE/SOIL TEMPERATURE
Formally GGL_SPTran_SLTmpSLMist_Array
Legacy data can be found at: https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/de13d6685e944864aca27217c06ae2bc/

ABSTRACT:

Temperature and soil moisture sensors (campbell scientific 107 temperature sensors and CS616 soil moisture sensors) are installed at various depths below the ground surface to measure temperature and soil moisture.

*View Metadata for sensor coordinates and specifications

PLEASE SEE RELATED FOR MORE DWCZ SOIL MOISTURE/SOIL TEMPERATURE
Legacy data: https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/396b28ed9f204621a724afb40cc4b9b4/

ABSTRACT:

Snow pole data is derived from using game cameras mounted on a tree or t-post, facing the snow pole. Photos are taken once daily at 12pm MST. From those images snow depth is determined and recorded in the Excel sheet “Camera Measurements”. At the start of WY2021 the Dynamic Water Storage Group began with the process of manually recording snow depth measurements in the field once a week in addition to a few cameras in place. During the year the plan changed to reduce the number of snow poles and install a camera facing each one, while at the same time phasing out any in the field recorded measurements. This explains the difference between the sheet labeled “Manual Measurements” in the Excel file, as opposed to “Camera Measurements”.

*View Metadata for sensor coordinates and specifications

LECACY DATA:
https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/48e04554b0b044c095a85c8ee2314134/
https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/5f45e73e8e124ab78855f001b954e7ed/
https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/5e6a0596a58a48d5acbbeb0b05c5e243/

ABSTRACT:

*View Metadata for sensor coordinates and specifications

Gordon Gulch 1: Discharge Data collected by pressure transducer. (GG1_SW_0)
Legacy Data: https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/c2384bd1743a4276a88a5110b1964ce0/

Gordon Gulch 2: Discharge Data collected by pressure transducer. (GG2_SW_0)
Legacy Data: https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/0efce710d2d24fab9542730522843a32/

ABSTRACT:

It is located on a ridgetop East of Niwot Ridge at an altitude of 2591 meters. It is located in a clearing surround by a low-density montane forest.

This is a meterological tripod collecting climate data on a ten minute interval. The parameters measured include air temperature, wind speed/direction, snow depth, precipitation, net radiation, soil moisture, soil electrical conductivity, and soil volumetric water content. This met station was installed to bring the historic B1 site up to date with modern instrumentation. B1 has climate records dating back to the 1950s, and this met station will provide an ongoing comparison for historical datasets. Additionally, B1 is a part of a network of sites along an elevational gradient from the foothills up to the continental divide.

*View Metadata for sensor coordinates and specifications

Boulder CREEK CZO legacy data can be found here, https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/3ecfe3f27550493683fb32a8f3b6b50c/

For Long term historic data see:
Climate, Meteorology: https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/e440e0d3ad5b49929927e63f25226307/
Air Temperature, Solar Radiation: https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/9dfb6ae4748845ceb94676ec589e75a5/
Historical Precipitation: https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/c74ee10b17a740af885ee404644abbed/
Air Temp & Relative Humidity: https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/4fa25c67f23d4218980603f05d7012be/

ABSTRACT:

Wells to measure groundwater table depths and water temperature at 10 minute intervals.

LECACY DATA:
https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/6f8ee0a3ce5c45e4870976bb3d8d1bfc/

PLEASE SEE RELATED FOR MORE DWCZ SOIL MOISTURE/SOIL TEMPERATURE DATA.

ABSTRACT:

Wells to measure groundwater table depths and water temperature at 10-minute intervals.
DWCZ-GG2-GW-1
DWCZ-GG2-GW-2
DWCZ-GG2-GW-6

*View Metadata for sensor coordinates and specifications

LEGACY DATA: https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/4a4b2b04790147828072151b2a4820e1/

PLEASE SEE RELATED FOR MORE DWCZ SOIL MOISTURE/SOIL TEMPERATURE DATA.

ABSTRACT:

Gordon Gulch (2590 m) lies within Arapahoe National Forest and is divided into Lower and Upper Gordon Gulch._ Gordon Gulch joins the North Boulder Creek about 16 km downstream from Niwot Ridge LTER and Green Lakes Valley (GLV). This site is underlain by biotite gneiss and is mostly forested. Different aspect slopes present contrasts in soils and vegetation: thinner, less-weathered rock with grasses and Ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa) on south-facing slopes, and thicker, more weathered rock with dense Lodgepole pine (P. cortorta) on north-facing slopes. It is characterized by the low-relief remnants of a dissected Tertiary erosion surface in which weathered rock profiles are up to 15 m thick.

Gordon Gulch is within the montane climatic zone..

ABSTRACT:

The National Science Foundation's National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) is a continental-scale observation facility operated by Battelle and designed to collect long-term open access ecological data to better understand how U.S. ecosystems are changing.

Como Creek:
Como Creek (COMO) is an aquatic NEON field site located in the Rocky Mountains in north-central Colorado, about 89 km (55 mi.) northwest of Denver. Managed by the U.S. Forest Service, this area has remained relatively undisturbed for the past 50 years with no development, logging, or fire in the 4.9 km2 (1211 acre) watershed. Snowmelt dominates the hydrologic and nutrient flux in this system
https://www.neonscience.org/field-sites/como

Select relevant data sets available via NEON. Visit link below for more.
2D wind speed and direction, DP1.00001.001 - 2013- ongoing
Barometric pressure, DP1.00004.001 - 2013-ongoing
Chemical properties of groundwater, DP1.20092.001 - 2014-ongoing
Chemical properties of surface water, DP1.20093.001 - 2012-ongoing
Continuous discharge, DP4.00130.001 - 2016-ongoing
Discharge field collection, DP1.20048.001 - 2014-ongoing
Dissolved gases in surface water, DP1.20097.001- 2014-ongoing
Elevation of groundwater, DP1.20100.001 - 2016-ongoing
Elevation of surface water, DP1.20016.001 - 2016-ongoing
Gauge height, DP1.20267.001 - 2014-ongoing
Nitrate in surface water, DP1.20033.001 - 2016-ongoing
Riparian composition and structure, DP1.20275.001 - 2015-ongoing
Salt-based stream discharge, DP1.20193.001 - 2014-ongoing
Sediment chemical and physical properties, DP1.20194.001 - 20140ongoing
Single aspirated air temperature, DP1.00002.001 - 2013-ongoing
Specific conductivity in groundwater, DP1.20015.001 - 2016-ongoing
Stage-discharge rating curves, DP4.00133.001 - 2014-ongoing

And many others.

ABSTRACT:

Coal Creek (CC) is a high-elevation, headwater tributary to the Upper Colorado Basin located in the Ruby-Anthracite Range in the central Colorado Rocky Mountains. The CC watershed is 53 km2 in area and ranges in elevation from 2712 to 3668 meters. CC originates near Lake Irwin and enters the Slate River near the town of Crested Butte before joining East River and eventually the Gunnison River. The watershed is seasonally snow-covered from November through June. The average temperature is 0.9˚C and it receives around 670 mm of precipitation each year, about 66% of which falls as snow (Carroll et al, 2018). The remaining precipitation falls during the summer monsoon season (July through September). Although monsoon rains comprise nearly 40% of the annual precipitation, they contribute minimally to the streamflow because the moisture is taken up by vegetation and lost via evapotranspiration (Carroll et al, 2020). Vegetation in the basin is strongly aspect driven, with north facing aspects dominated by evergreen forest (65%) and south facing aspects dominated by deciduous (9%) and herbaceous (20%) vegetation. High elevation ridges are barren (3%) (Zhi et al, 2019). Discharge in CC is dominated by snowmelt, with average peak flow occurring in June in response to snowmelt. Flows recede throughout the summer and fall, with small peaks in flow due to monsoon events. CC reaches baseflow conditions by early September and they persist throughout the winter until the onset of snowmelt in April. The lower CC watershed is underlain predominately by sandstone (Mesaverde Formation) with glacial till deposits occurring near the streambed. The upper portion of the watershed is underlain by mafic intrusive plutonic rock, emplaced during the Middle Tertiary. Areas of the upper north slope of the watershed are underlain by mudstone (Wasatch Formation).

ABSTRACT:

This data package contains discharge and water quality data and model results at Coal Creek Watershed in the central Rocky Mountains of Colorado, USA. Files include high-frequency stream chemistry data collected during the period of Dec 2015 to Jun 2018, and model results of water storage and flux. The dataset also includes dissolved organic carbon and sodium stream chemistry data for the period of 2016. Our model then incorporates the USGS datasets of discharge and stream chemistry, for which data and citations are provided in the dataset files and related reference field. The resulting model BioRT-Flux-PIHM is the biogeochemical reactive transport model of the PIHM family code MM-PIHM for watershed processes and is detailed in the reference paper (doi.org/10.1029/2018WR024257) and in Github (https://github.com/PSUmodeling/BioRT-Flux-PIHM).

ABSTRACT:

*This resource is embargoed until fall 2022. Please stay tuned or contactczdata@colorado.edu for more information.

Spring and stream sampling across Coal Creek watershed during summer of 2021 (June-October) to estimate groundwater chemistry.

Sampled Approximately weekly for synoptic sampling of Coal Creek during summer to assess locations of groundwater discharge to stream. Data shows intermittent spring (IS) and surface water (SW) chemistry - to study Surface and groundwater interactions.

See ESS DIVE link below for isotope data:
- Abstract
The radon isotope and stable water isotope data for Coal Creek Watershed, Colorado, consists of d2H, d18O, and 222Rn values from samples collected at 8 stream location along Coal Creek, samples from 7 groundwater springs within the watershed, and precipitation isotope samples collected by Next Generation Water Observing System (NGWOS) from a collector within the watershed. All stream and spring samples were collected between June and October, 2021, and precipitation isotope samples were collected between November 2020 and September 2021. These data were collected to evaluate how groundwater contributions to Coal Creek originating from a fractured hillslope and alluvial fan respond to summer monsoon rains and seasonal drying. Understanding of groundwater-surface water interactions in montane systems in critical for the future of water availability in the Western US as groundwater contributions are expected to become more important for sustaining summer stream flows. This data package contains: (1) a csv of all radon samples; (2) a csv of all stream and spring isotope samples; (3) a csv of precipitation isotope samples; and (4) a csv of locations for each sampling site. The dataset additionally includes a file-level metadata (flmd.csv) file that lists each file contained in the dataset with associated metadata; and a data dictionary (dd.csv) file that contains column/row headers used throughout the files along with a definition, units, and data type.

*View Metadata for sensor coordinates and specifications

ABSTRACT:

Niwot Ridge LTER is a partner of the DWCZ. Gordon Gulch a DWCZ site joins the North Boulder Creek about 16 km downstream from the Niwot Ridge LTER.

Niwot Ridge Long-term Ecological Research Program (NWT LTER), studies the air, snow, water, soil, microbes, lakes, trees, flowers, and animals in the high mountains of the Colorado Rockies. they measure, experiment and model how all these pieces fit together and have affected the health of our mountains over the last 40 years. Our mission is to better understand how our complex mountain systems are changing and better predict the future of the many critical services these systems provide to all of us living downhill — in Boulder, in Colorado, and beyond.

Climatological data were collected from the C1 climate station on Niwot Ridge (3018 m elevation) throughout the year. From 2000-06-24 to 2013-03-25, data were recorded using a Campbell Instruments CR23X data logger. Starting 2013-03-27, data were recorded using a Campbell Instruments CR1000 data logger. Maximum and minimum values were recorded instantaneously, with a sampling interval of 5 seconds. Daily means and totals were calculated from 17,280 individual measurements. The CR23X logger was programmed to generate both hourly and daily output. The CR1000 logger generated daily, hourly, and minute data until 2014-09-10, when these time periods were discontinued and only 10 minute raw data were collected.

ABSTRACT:

LOCATION: Coal Creek is a high-elevation, headwater tributary to the Upper Colorado Basin located in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Coal Creek is also a sub-catchment of the larger East River watershed (300 km2) and falls within the research domain of the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (RMBL). This is the Splains Conifer Granite Site. The overlying vegetation is conifer, underlying bedrock is granite and it is north facing. It is also in a Splains Creek watershed, a subwatershed of Coal Creek.

In three components:
ABSTRACT CC_1-5_Sensors_Bixby: Soil sensors are installed in 5 different soil pits in Crested Butte. Sites are located in varying bedrock types (Granite and Sandstone) and vegetation types (Aspen and Conifer). Soil moisture and temperature data is collected every 30 minutes. Gas data is collected every hour.

ABSTRACT SOIL AUGER CC_SoilAuger_Bixby: Soil data collected from multiple different auger sites and counting. Sites are located in varying bedrock types (Granite and Sandstone) and vegetation types (Aspen and Conifer).

ABSTRACT SOIL PITS CC_SoilPits_Bixby: Soil data collected from 5 different soil pits. Sites are located in varying bedrock types (Granite and Sandstone) and vegetation types (Aspen and Conifer).

Some additional images: CC_SoilPit_images_Bixby

*View Metadata for sensor coordinates and specifications

ABSTRACT:

Soil sensors to measure soil water content with depth

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Hotel Gulch is within the Manitou Experimental Forest. There are a series of alluvial/ colluvial fans indicative of historic debris flow scars. Equipment is installed within these alluvial/colluvial fans with increasing distance from the stream. Stream sites are measured along a longitudinal profile starting from the stream headwater to the lowest site just upstream of the flume.

NOTE: Only the following are ongoing.
MEF-HG-A-3up
MEF-HG-A-5low
MEF-HG-A-5up
MEF-HG-AB-3low
MEF-HG-AB-3up

*View Metadata for sensor coordinates and specifications

PLEASE SEE RELATED FOR MORE DWCZ SOIL MOISTURE/SOIL TEMPERATURE

ABSTRACT:

NOTE: This resource represents the data as presented in Sidney Bushes dissertation, working title: "Spatiotemporal patterns in hydrologic connectivity in a montane headwater system in central Colorado".

Surface water samples were collected within the Hotel Gulch from 2018 to 2021. Samples were regularly collected on over 30 sites total both surface and ground water. During the spring, summer, and into the fall. Storm flows were also sometimes sampled.

All chemistry samples were run at University of Colorado Boulder/Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, major cations/ anions run on the IC in the Ecohydrology Laboratory and the isotope samples were run in the Stable Isotope Laboratory.

Location: Hotel Gulch is within the Manitou Experimental Forest. There are a series of alluvial/ colluvial fans indicative of historic debris flow scars. Equipment is installed within these alluvial/colluvial fans with increasing distance from the stream. Stream sites are measured along a longitudinal profile starting from the stream headwater to the lowest site just upstream of the flume.

*Please formal metadata for locations

PLEASE SEE RELATED FOR MORE DWCZ SOIL MOISTURE/SOIL TEMPERATURE DATA.

ABSTRACT:

NOTE: This resource represents the data as presented in Sidney Bushes dissertation, working title: "Spatiotemporal patterns in hydrologic connectivity in a montane headwater system in central Colorado".

Wells to measure groundwater table depths and water temperature at 5-minute intervals. 19 wells in all

*Please see the formal metadata for locations

*Manual ground water measurements were collected with the beepy tape to calibrate the HOBO pressure transducers not used in the final analysis.

PLEASE SEE RELATED FOR MORE DWCZ SOIL MOISTURE/SOIL TEMPERATURE DATA.

ABSTRACT:

Soil sensors to measure soil water content with depth.

NOTE: This resource represents the data as presented in Sidney Bushes dissertation, working title: "Spatiotemporal patterns in hydrologic connectivity in a montane headwater system in central Colorado". For the ongoing version of this data please visit: https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/f88bf03f23ca4149ae17cf0718c89ede/

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Hotel Gulch is within the Manitou Experimental Forest. There are a series of alluvial/ colluvial fans indicative of historic debris flow scars. Equipment is installed within these alluvial/colluvial fans with increasing distance from the stream. Stream sites are measured along a longitudinal profile starting from the stream headwater to the lowest site just upstream of the flume.

*View Metadata for sensor coordinates and specifications

PLEASE SEE RELATED FOR MORE DWCZ SOIL MOISTURE/SOIL TEMPERATURE

ABSTRACT:

NOTE: This resource represents the data as presented in Sidney Bushes dissertation, working title: "Spatiotemporal patterns in hydrologic connectivity in a montane headwater system in central Colorado".

Stream equipment to measure stream electrical conductivity and temperature (HOBO), and grab samples for cations/ anions/ stable isotopes of water/ DOC

NOTE:
*Please formal metadata for locations

*Manual EC measurements were not used in the final analysis for sites that don't have EC probes.

ABSTRACT:

NOTE: This resource represents the data as presented in Sidney Bushes dissertation, working title: "Spatiotemporal patterns in hydrologic connectivity in a montane headwater system in central Colorado".

Hotel Gulch is within the Manitou Experimental Forest. There are a series of alluvial/ colluvial fans indicative of historic debris flow scars. Equipment is installed within these alluvial/colluvial fans with increasing distance from the stream. Stream sites are measured along a longitudinal profile starting from the stream headwater to the lowest site just upstream of the flume.

Stream equipment to measure stream stage

*Sensor array IDs and descriptions-
Please formal metadata for locations

ABSTRACT:

NOTE: This resource represents the data as presented in Sidney Bushes dissertation, working title: "Spatiotemporal patterns in hydrologic connectivity in a montane headwater system in central Colorado".

Hotel Gulch is within the Manitou Experimental Forest. There are a series of alluvial/ colluvial fans indicative of historic debris flow scars. Equipment is installed within these alluvial/colluvial fans with increasing distance from the stream. Stream sites are measured along a longitudinal profile starting from the stream headwater to the lowest site just upstream of the flume.

Tipping bucket, TR-525M, Texas Electronics, Dallas, TX.

ABSTRACT:

These resources represents the data as presented in Sidney Bushes dissertation Working title: "Spatiotemporal patterns in hydrologic connectivity in a montane headwater system in central Colorado".

Hotel Gulch is within the Manitou Experimental Forest. There are a series of alluvial/ colluvial fans indicative of historic debris flow scars. Equipment is installed within these alluvial/colluvial fans with increasing distance from the stream. Stream sites are measured along a longitudinal profile starting from the stream headwater to the lowest site just upstream of the flume.

ABSTRACT:

Manitou Experimental Forest
Semi-arid Montane Headwater Catchment

At 62 sample points within the catchment, bucket-type augers were used to sample at four depths: 10, 30, 50, and 100 cm. Samples were conducted from 3 landscape units: hillslopes, riparian areas, and alluvial / colluvial fans. Soil solute extractions were conducted on the soil samples, and anion and cation data was collected using ion chromatography analysis.

Sensor array IDs and descriptions-
Please formal metadata for locations

ABSTRACT:

NOTE: This resource represents the data as presented in Ethan Burns's thesis, working title: "Ecohydologic Dynamics of Rock Moisture in a Snow Dominated Montane Catchment of the Colorado Front Range".

Gordon Gulch is within the Boulder Creek Watershed where aspect drives wide variations in precipitation, tree distribution and density, and weathering depths. Direct measurements of rock moisture in boreholes spaning both aspects were accompanied by monitoring of precipitation, transpiration, soil moisture, leaf-water potentials, and groundwater.

Contents include 3 groupings.
DWCZ-GG-Subset:
*Ground water well 1 and 6 DWCZ subset from continuous streaming data
*South facing met tower)
DWCZ-GG-Plot-data: (NOTE: All of plots are circular, centered on a borehole and have an 8m radius)
*Plot species composition
*Daily Sapflow
*Isotope ratios
*Predawn leaf-water potentials
*NMR and neutron probe surveys
*Neutron-probe survey
*Soil matric potentials
DWCZ-GG2-DBH-Sapwood Depth
NOTE: This last data set uses data collected from the following project
Adams, H. R., H. R. Barnard, A. K. Loomis (2022). BCCZO -- Tree Growth & Physiology -- Gordon Gulch -- (2011-2012), HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/8a34ef6c6bc14045851f042af9a7d142.
The data from these ~70 plots was used to develop an equation for scaling the sap-flow

Please formal metadata for locations

ABSTRACT:

The western U.S. is experiencing increasing rain to snow ratios due to climate change, and scientists are uncertain how changing recharge patterns will affect future groundwater-surface water connection. We examined how watershed topography and streambed hydraulic conductivity impact groundwater age and stream discharge at eight sites along a headwater stream within the Manitou Experimental Forest, CO USA. To do so, we measured: 1) continuous stream and groundwater discharge/level and specific conductivity from April to November, 2021; 2) biweekly stream and groundwater chemistry; 3) groundwater chlorofluorocarbons and tritium in spring and fall; 4) streambed hydraulic conductivity; and 5) local slope. We used the chemistry data to calculate fluorite saturation states that were used to inform end-member mixing analysis of streamflow source. We then combined chlorofluorocarbon and tritium data to estimate the age composition of riparian groundwater. Our data suggest that future stream drying is more probable where local slope is steep and streambed hydraulic conductivity is high. In these areas, groundwater source shifted seasonally, as indicated by age increases, and we observed a high fraction of groundwater in streamflow, primarily interflow from adjacent hillslopes. In contrast, where local slope is flat and streambed hydraulic conductivity is low, streamflow is more likely to persist as groundwater age was seasonally constant and buffered by storage in alluvial sediments. Groundwater age and streamflow paired with characterization of watershed topography and subsurface characteristics enabled identification of likely controls on future stream drying patterns.

ABSTRACT:

High-elevation mountain regions, central to global freshwater supply, are experiencing more rapid warming than low-elevation locations. High-elevation streams are therefore potentially critical indicators for earth system and water chemistry response to warming. Here we present concerted hydroclimatic and biogeochemical data from Coal Creek, Colorado in the central Rocky Mountains at elevations of 2700 to 3700 m, where air temperatures have increased by about 2 °C since 1980. We analyzed water chemistry every other day from 2016 to 2019. Water chemistry data indicate distinct responses of different solutes to inter-annual hydroclimatic variations. Specifically, the concentrations of solutes from rock weathering are stable inter-annually. Solutes that are active in soils, including dissolved organic carbon, vary dramatically, with double to triple peak concentrations occurring during snowmelt and in warm years. We advocate for consistent and persistent monitoring of high elevation streams to record early glimpse of earth surface response to warming.1) Coal Creek stream were sampled and measured to answer the question if there is a significant stream chemistry response to climate change in high-elevation watershed2) The file contains data regarding discharge, water temperature and stream chemistry data for 2016-2019 year. Stream chemistry includes dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, chloride, nutrients, cations.

The data collection efforts were carried out by the DOE-funded "Advancing a Watershed Hydro-Biogeochemical Theory: Linking Water Travel Time and Reaction Rates Under Changing Climate" project and Watershed Function SFA.

ABSTRACT:

These sites monitor environmental conditions in an effort to understand forest hydrology.

* Sagehen T1 Hill1 (SH-T1-H1-SMST-SD)
This is the foot of a hillslope rising above the valley bottom. This site is paired with Hill2 which is further upslope.

Notably this site is paired with the meteorological information from Tower 1 operated by UC Berkeley located about 100 m away. The site is paired with sap flow measurements that are also publicly available. The sister measurement site for this is Hill2, which is upslope. The SubCanopy site is located approximately 300 m away in the riparian area. There are also ameriflux-operated flux towers in this area.

* Sagehen T1 Hill2 (SH-T1-H2-SMST-SD)
This is about 100 m up a rising hillslope above the valley bottom. This site is paired with Hill1 which is at the foot of the hillslope.

Notably this site is paired with the meteorological information from Tower 1 operated by UC Berkeley located about 200 m away. The site is paired with sap flow measurements that are also publicly available. The sister measurement site for this is Hill1, which is downslope. The SubCanopy site is located approximately 400 m away in the riparian area. There are also ameriflux-operated flux towers in this area.

* Sagehen T1 Subcanopy Sap (SH-T1-SS-SMST)

This is in a riparian area near a rivier.  This site is paired with SubCanopy Open which is located in a small tree gap downstream.

* Sagehen T1 Subcanopy Open ( SH-T1-SO-SMST)

This is in a riparian area near a rivier.  This site is paired with SubCanopy Sap which is located under the canopy upstream.

* Sagehen T3 Cluster (SH-T3-C-SMST)
This site is located in a large forest gap near a road intersection close to the valley bottom.

This site monitors environmental conditions in an effort to understand forest hydrology. Notably this site is paired with the meteorological information from Tower 3 operated by UC Berkeley located about 20 m away. This site is paired with sap flow measurements that are also publicly available.

* Sagehen T4 North (SH-T4N-SMST)
This is on the north face of the ridge. This site is paired with Tower4 South which is on the south facing side of the ridge.

Notably this site is paired with the meteorological information from Tower 4 operated by UC Berkeley located about 250 m away. The site is paired with sap flow measurements that are also publicly available. The sister measurement site for this is Tower4 South, which is on the south facing side of this ridge. The Tower4 South site is located approximately 500 m away.

* Sagehen T4 South (SH-T4S-SMST)
This is on the south face of the ridge. This site is paired with Tower4 North which is on the north facing side of the ridge.

Notably this site is paired with the meteorological information from Tower 4 operated by UC Berkeley located about 250 m away. The site is paired with sap flow measurements that are also publicly available. The sister measurement site for this is Tower4 North, which is on the north facing side of this ridge. The Tower4 North site is located approximately 500 m away.

PLEASE SEE RELATED FOR MORE DWCZ SOIL MOISTURE/SOIL TEMPERATURE

ABSTRACT:

Hotel Gulch is within the Manitou Experimental Forest. There are a series of alluvial/ colluvial fans indicative of historic debris flow scars. Stream sites are measured along a longitudinal profile starting from the stream headwater to the lowest site just upstream of the flume.

ABSTRACT:

There is a Boulder County focus inherited from the Boulder Creek Critical Zone program. If you are aware of a resource worth sharing please let us know.
Files are in the versatile KML format for ease of sharing. If you have trouble importing these into ArcGIS or another program just let us know.

SITE EXTENTS:
Kml's that shows study site extents. The main set of extents was created by Kyotaek Hwang.

SITE: BOULDER CREEK
BOULDER COUNTY
More Boulder County data can be found here:
https://opendata-bouldercounty.hub.arcgis.com/
Selected kmls include:
- Archaeologically_Sensitive_Areas
- County_Open_Space
- Lakes_and_Reservoirs (included modern glaciers)
- mun_wtrsheds_czo (restricted areas)
- Open_space_czo
- Riparian_Areas_-_2013_ERE
- Road_Map_Roads

GEOLOGY
- Geological map by Ogden Tweto, clipped here to Boulder Creek, geo_czo_tweto
https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/publications/tweto-geologic-map-colorado-1979/

- Clipped Cole & Braddock geologic map

SOILS
Natural Resources Conservation Service soil maps
https://www.nrcs.usda.gov
- soilmu_a_co643_bc (boulder County)
- soilmu_a_co645_arnf (Arapaho National Forest

GLACIERS
Madole's Glaciers LGM. No online source. Check licensing before using in publication

TOPOGRAPHIC
Topographic Lines created but the BcCZO from 30m USGS DEM

LIDAR
For Lidar: OpenTopgraphy 2010 Lidar, Snow ON Snow Off
https://portal.opentopography.org/dataSearch?search=Boulder%20creek%20CZO

SITE: COAL CREEK
Coal Creek Trails

ABSTRACT:

Gordon Gulch (2590 m) lies within Arapahoe National Forest and is divided into Lower and Gordon Gulch 2. Gordon Gulch joins the North Boulder Creek about 16 km downstream from Green Lakes Valley (GLV)._ This site is underlain by biotite gneiss and is mostly forested. Different aspect slopes present contrasts in soils and vegetation: thinner, less-weathered rock with grasses and Ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa) on south-facing slopes, and thicker, more weathered rock with dense Lodgepole pine (P. cortorta) on north-facing slopes.

It is characterized by the low-relief remnants of a dissected Tertiary erosion surface in which weathered rock profiles are up to 15 m thick._
Gordon Gulch is within the montane climatic zone._MAP is 780 mm, 70% as snow.

All chemistry samples for major cations/ anions on the Thermo Scientific Dionex Ion Chromatography system in the Ecohydrology Laboratory. Hydrogen (dD) and Oxygen (d18O) Isotope samples were run on a Picarro Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy System in the Stable Isotope Laboratory, University of Colorado Boulder/Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research.

LEGACY DATA:
https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/4a4b2b04790147828072151b2a4820e1/ & https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/4bb6710317c445cf996793ac1f5d7149/

PLEASE SEE RELATED FOR MORE DWCZ SOIL WATER CHEMISTRY

ABSTRACT:

Coarse particulate organic matter transport and storage in headwater streams in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, CO, USA.

4 data sets are present:
FIELD SITE: GORDON GULCH
Meta-FieldLog-GG-LF-StorageReachLVL-Fogel

The following data represent coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM storage) within 14 study reaches in the Gordon Gulch watershed, CO, USA. CPOM storage is presented in terms of volume (total volume of CPOM within a given reach) weighted CPOM volume (CPOM volume / channel area within a given reach) and CPOM accumulation frequency (# of accumulations per m stream length). CPOM storage was measured during early August through measurements of surface area, height, and porosity. Geomorphic and forest stand characteristics including slope, basal area, canopy density, d50, d84, bankfull width, pool area and pools per m stream length, wood frequency and wood load (volume/channel area), retentive feature frequency (# per m stream length), channel type (multi vs single threaded), and hydrologic regime (wet vs dry reaches) were measured during CPOM storage sampling.

Meta-FieldLog-GG-LF-Storage_Accumulation_LVL-Fogel

The following data represent coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM storage) within 14 study reaches in the Gordon Gulch watershed, CO, USA. Data are presented for each CPOM accumulation measured within the 14 study reaches. Surface area and height of accumulations were measured using a tape measure in the field, whereas porosity of each accumulation was visually estimated. The trapping mechanism responsible for storing each CPOM accumulation was noted, as was the composition of each CPOM accumulation.

Meta-FieldLog-GG-CPOM-Flux

This dataset presents CPOM flux during the summer 2022 field season at Gordon Gulch within two study reaches. Data are presented for the upstream and downstream ends of each reach in order to test for influences of within-a-reach geomorphic context on CPOM flux. Bunte bedload traps were deployed periodically at the upstream and downstream ends of each study reach during the summer. CPOM collected in the traps was dried and weighed and used with sampling duration to estimate CPOM flux.

FIELD SITE: COMO CREEK
Meta-FieldLog-CC-CPOM-Flux

This dataset presents CPOM flux during the summer 2022 field season at Como Creek within three study reaches. Data are presented for the downstream ends of each reach. Bunte bedload traps were deployed periodically at the downstream ends of each study reach during the summer. CPOM collected in the traps was dried and weighed and used with sampling duration to estimate CPOM flux.

ABSTRACT:

The data presented here are derived from tree cores collected outside of Estes Park CO., West Creek, in 2021

31 samples (21 standing trees and 10 large wood) were taken in reach 34 and 28 of West Creek. Samples taken from riparian area and hillslope. Standing sample were taken with 12 mm diameter increment borer and large wood taken with hand saw. Growth measurements and oxygen isotopes were calculated. Basal area increment (mm2), ring width index, and d18O (‰) were calculated from tree rings.

ABSTRACT:

TROUT CREEK
Trout Creek Abstract: Data collected from three beaver-mediated reaches on Trout Creek during the summer 2022 field season.

Data includes variables for 36 beaver ponds, including location, pond geometry, pond classification, sediment, organic carbon, and water storage, and stable isotopes, collected to calculate volumes and rates of sediment and organic carbon storage in beaver ponds. Data also include radioisotopic activity concentrations for 5 beaver ponds older than 10 years for specific depth intervals within sediment cores and suspended sediment samples. Channel geometry metrics are also included, collected to characterize the degree of incision, connectivity, and ongoing erosion in each reach. Finally, metrics used to model and estimate rates of beaver-assisted channel infill via Monte Carlo Simulations are includes, such as the fraction of time in which specific beaver ponds were inundated over a 13-year period, and the longevity of ponds along Trout Creek.

DATASHEET DESRIPTION:
Pond surveys: Within this folder, the “Pond survey metrics” sheets include geometric, age, sediment, water, and organic carbon storage metrics for each surveyed beaver pond. The “Survey sample points” sheets include measurements of sediment and water depth, as well as unique characteristics, for each individual sample point taken within each beaver pond. Ponds can be joined/related via the “Pond” field. Reaches can be joined related via the “Reach” field.

- STABLE ISOTOPES: Within this folder are results from sediment sample testing at CU’s Stable Isotope Lab, including fraction by mass of carbon, nitrogen, delta 13-C, and delta 15-N. Ponds can be joined/related via the “Pond” field. Reaches can be joined related via the “Reach” field.

- RADIONUCLIDE DATA: Within this folder are activity concentrations of various radionuclides at various depths within sediment cores and suspended sediment (PS samples) taken from beaver ponds older than 10 years. Ponds can be joined/related via the “Pond” field. Reaches can be joined related via the “Reach” field.

- GEOMORPHIC SURVEYS: Within this folder are GPS data (coordinates and elevation) for points taken along cross-sections via RTK GPS at Trout Creek, used to characterize channel and valley-bottom geometry. This includes GPS coordinates, elevation, and descriptions of the type of geomorphic unit underlying the GPS point. Reaches can be joined related via the “Reach” field.

- CHANNEL INFILL MODELING: Within this folder are data including the fraction of time beaver ponds along Trout Creek were inundated during a 13 year period (2009-2023) as well as the longevities of ponds on Trout Creek. Note the “Pond_number” field values in these two datasets are unique to their respective spreadsheets and may not be used to join or relate to any other spreadsheets within the dataset (including each other).

COAL CREEK
Coal Creek Abstract: Data collected from three beaver-mediated reaches on Coal Creek during the summer 2022 field season.

Data includes variables for 9 beaver ponds, including location, pond geometry, pond classification, sediment, organic carbon, and water storage, and stable isotopes. Data also include radioisotopic activity concentrations for 3 beaver ponds older than 10 years for specific depth intervals within sediment cores and suspended sediment samples.

DATASHEET DESRIPTION:
Pond surveys: Within this folder, the “Pond survey metrics” sheets include geometric, age, sediment, water, and organic carbon storage metrics for each surveyed beaver pond. The “Survey sample points” sheets include measurements of sediment and water depth, as well as unique characteristics, for each individual sample point taken within each beaver pond. Ponds can be joined/related via the “Pond” field. Reaches can be joined related via the “Reach” field.

- STABLE ISOTOPES Within this folder are results from sediment sample testing at CU’s Stable Isotope Lab, including fraction by mass of carbon, nitrogen, delta 13-C, and delta 15-N. Ponds can be joined/related via the “Pond” field. Reaches can be joined related via the “Reach” field.

- RADIONUCLIDE DATA:: Within this folder are activity concentrations of various radionuclides at various depths within sediment cores and suspended sediment (PS samples) taken from beaver ponds older than 10 years. Ponds can be joined/related via the “Pond” field. Reaches can be joined related via the “Reach” field.

ABSTRACT:

The western U.S. is experiencing shifts in recharge due to climate change, and it is currently unclear how hydrologic shifts will impact geochemical weathering and stream concentration-discharge (C-Q) patterns. Hydrologists often use C-Q analyses to assess feedbacks between stream discharge and geochemistry as a result of abundant stream discharge and chemistry data. Chemostasis is commonly observed, indicating that geochemical controls, rather than changes discharge, are shaping stream C-Q patterns. However, few C-Q studies investigate how geochemical reactions evolve along groundwater flowpaths before groundwater contributes to streamflow, resulting in potential omission of important C-Q controls such as coupled mineral dissolution and clay precipitation and subsequent cation exchange. Here, we use field observations—including groundwater age, stream discharge, and stream and groundwater chemistry—to analyze C-Q relations in the Manitou Experimental Forest in the Colorado Front Range, USA, a site where we’ve previously observed chemostasis. We combine field data with laboratory analyses of whole rock and clay X-ray diffraction and soil cation-extraction experiments to investigate the role that clays play in influencing stream chemistry. We use Geochemist’s Workbench to identify geochemical reactions driving stream chemistry and subsequently predict how climate change will impact stream C-Q trends. We show that as groundwater age increases, C-Q slope and stream solute response are not impacted. Instead, primary mineral dissolution and subsequent clay precipitation drive near-perfect chemostasis for silica and aluminum and enable cation exchange that buffers calcium and magnesium concentrations, leading to weak chemostatic behavior for divalent cations. The influence of clays on stream C-Q highlights the importance of delineating geochemical controls along flowpaths, as upgradient mineral dissolution and clay precipitation enable downgradient cation exchange. Our results suggest that geochemical reactions will not be impacted by future decreasing flows, and thus where chemostasis currently exists, it will continue to persist despite changes in recharge.

ABSTRACT:

SWE measured by calibrated scale including mass of tube (cm)

For North aspects, downslope is between the lowest snow pole and second-lowest snow pole. Upslope is between the highest snow pole and second-highest snow pole. For South aspects, data were collected between the two snow poles and this entry is left blank.

LOCATION : Gordon Gulch (GG1) & (GG2)
LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Gordon Gulch (2590 m) lies within Arapahoe National Forest and is divided into 1 (lower) and 2 (upper) Gordon Gulch._ Gordon Gulch joins the North Boulder Creek about 16 km downstream from Green Lakes Valley (GLV)._ This site is underlain by biotite gneiss and is mostly forested. Different aspect slopes present contrasts in soils and vegetation: thinner, less-weathered rock with grasses and Ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa) on south-facing slopes, and thicker, more weathered rock with dense Lodgepole pine (P. cortorta) on north-facing slopes.

It is characterized by the low-relief remnants of a dissected Tertiary erosion surface in which weathered rock profiles are up to 15 m thick._
Gordon Gulch is within the montane climatic zone._MAP is 780 mm, 70% as snow.

For North aspects, downslope is between the lowest snow pole and second-lowest snow pole. Upslope is between the highest snow pole and second-highest snow pole. For South aspects, data were collected between the two snow poles and this entry is left blank.
Number of replicate done at each date *aspect* plot combinationnamic eatter

ABSTRACT:

Manual measurements of groundwater level. SW manual measurements in stream. Electrical conductivity water SC (uS/cm) pH

Hotel Gulch is within the Manitou Experimental Forest. There are a series of alluvial/ colluvial fans indicative of historic debris flow scars. Equipment is installed within these alluvial/colluvial fans with increasing distance from the stream. Stream sites are measured along a longitudinal profile starting from the stream headwater to the lowest site just upstream of the flume.